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We present a non-asymptotic theory of generalization in deep learning where the empirical neural tangent kernel partitions the output space. In directions corresponding to signal, error dissipates rapidly; in the vast orthogonal dimensions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Elon Litman , Gabe Guo

We consider stochastic gradient methods under the interpolation regime where a perfect fit can be obtained (minimum loss at each observation). While previous work highlighted the implicit regularization of such algorithms, we consider an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-01 Anant Raj , Francis Bach

Recent advances in machine learning have inspired a surge of research into reconstructing specific quantities of interest from measurements that comply with certain physical laws. These efforts focus on inverse problems that are governed by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-23 Honam Wong , Wendao Wu , Fanghui Liu , Yiping Lu

Modern deep learning models generalize remarkably well in-distribution, despite being overparametrized and trained with little to no explicit regularization. Instead, current theory credits implicit regularization imposed by the choice of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jonathan Wenger , Beau Coker , Juraj Marusic , John P. Cunningham

Classical wisdom suggests that estimators should avoid fitting noise to achieve good generalization. In contrast, modern overparameterized models can yield small test error despite interpolating noise -- a phenomenon often called "benign…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-02 Michael Aerni , Marco Milanta , Konstantin Donhauser , Fanny Yang

Deep neural networks excel at learning the training data, but often provide incorrect and confident predictions when evaluated on slightly different test examples. This includes distribution shifts, outliers, and adversarial examples. To…

This work is concerned with the kernel-based approximation of a complex-valued function from data, where the frequency response function of a partial differential equation in the frequency domain is of particular interest. In this setting,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Julien Bect , Niklas Georg , Ulrich Römer , Sebastian Schöps

This paper introduces an interpolation-based method, called the reconstruction approach, for nonparametric regression. Based on the fact that interpolation usually has negligible errors compared to statistical estimation, the reconstruction…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-28 Shifeng Xiong

We consider an underdetermined noisy linear regression model where the minimum-norm interpolating predictor is known to be consistent, and ask: can uniform convergence in a norm ball, or at least (following Nagarajan and Kolter) the subset…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-15 Lijia Zhou , Danica J. Sutherland , Nathan Srebro

We revisit the classical kernel method of approximation/interpolation theory in a very specific context motivated by the desire to obtain a robust procedure to approximate discrete data sets by (super)level sets of functions that are merely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Patrick Guidotti

A regression model with more parameters than data points in the training data is overparametrized and has the capability to interpolate the training data. Based on the classical bias-variance tradeoff expressions, it is commonly assumed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Tomas McKelvey

We show that kernel-based quadrature rules for computing integrals can be seen as a special case of random feature expansions for positive definite kernels, for a particular decomposition that always exists for such kernels. We provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-10 Francis Bach

We provide uniform confidence bands for kernel ridge regression (KRR), a widely used nonparametric regression estimator for nonstandard data such as preferences, sequences, and graphs. Despite the prevalence of these data--e.g., student…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Rahul Singh , Suhas Vijaykumar

When using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) it is common practice to apply trained models to sequences longer than those seen in training. This "extrapolating" usage deviates from the traditional statistical learning setup where guarantees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Edo Cohen-Karlik , Avichai Ben David , Nadav Cohen , Amir Globerson

We consider kernel based learning methods for regression and analyze what happens to the risk minimizer when new variables, statistically independent of input and target variables, are added to the set of input variables; this problem…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Nicola Ancona , Sebastiano Stramaglia

In this article, we study the convergence behavior of the regularization-based algorithm for solving the polynomial regression model when both input data and responses are from infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. We derive convergence…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Naveen Gupta , Sivananthan Sampath

The success of over-parameterized neural networks trained to near-zero training error has caused great interest in the phenomenon of benign overfitting, where estimators are statistically consistent even though they interpolate noisy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-07 Moritz Haas , David Holzmüller , Ulrike von Luxburg , Ingo Steinwart

Nonlinear interpolants have been shown useful for the verification of programs and hybrid systems in contexts of theorem proving, model checking, abstract interpretation, etc. The underlying synthesis problem, however, is challenging and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Mingshuai Chen , Jian Wang , Jie An , Bohua Zhan , Deepak Kapur , Naijun Zhan

When optimizing over-parameterized models, such as deep neural networks, a large set of parameters can achieve zero training error. In such cases, the choice of the optimization algorithm and its respective hyper-parameters introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Gauthier Gidel , Francis Bach , Simon Lacoste-Julien

The recovery of the intrinsic geometric structures of data collections is an important problem in data analysis. Supervised extensions of several manifold learning approaches have been proposed in the recent years. Meanwhile, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Cem Ornek , Elif Vural