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For a Galois extension $K/F$ with $\text{char}(K)\neq 2$ and $\text{Gal}(K/F) \simeq \mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$, we determine the $\mathbb{F}_2[\text{Gal}(K/F)]$-module structure of $K^\times/K^{\times 2}$. Although…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-27 Frank Chemotti , Jan Minac , Andrew Schultz , John Swallow

The Hopf-Galois structures on normal extensions $K/k$ with $G=Gal(K/k)$ are in one-to-one correspondence with the set of regular subgroups $N\leq B=Perm(G)$ that are normalized by the left regular representation $\lambda(G)\leq B$. Each…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-06-20 Timothy Kohl

We show that the Ehresmann-Schauenburg bialgebroid of a quantum principal bundle $P$ or Hopf Galois extension with structure quantum group $H$ is in fact a left Hopf algebroid $L(P,H)$. We show further that if $H$ is coquasitriangular then…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2023-02-23 Xiao Han , Shahn Majid

We introduce and study a class of field extensions that we call pre-Galois; viz. extensions that become Galois after some linearly disjoint Galois base change. Among them are geometrically Galois extensions of k(T), with k a field:…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-11 David Harbater , Pierre Dèbes

The power classes of a field are well-known for their ability to parameterize elementary $p$-abelian Galois extensions. These classical objects have recently been reexamined through the lens of their Galois module structure. Module…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-19 Jan Minac , Andrew Schultz , John Swallow

Let p be a prime and K be a number field with non-trivial p-class group Cl(p,K). A crucial step in identifying the Galois group G=G(p,K) of the maximal unramified pro-p extension of K is to determine its two-stage approximation M=G(p,2,K),…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-30 Daniel C. Mayer

For quadratic fields \(k=\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{d})\) with discriminant \(d\), \(3\)-class group \(\mathrm{Cl}_3(k)\simeq (\mathbb{Z}/3\mathbb{Z})^2\), and four \textit{simple} \(3\)-principalization types \(\varkappa(k)\in\lbrace…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Helga Boyer von Berghof , Daniel C. Mayer

In this paper, we prove that a non-semisimple Hopf algebra H of dimension 4p with p an odd prime over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero is pointed provided H contains more than two group-like elements. In particular, we…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2012-02-07 Yi-Lin Cheng , Siu-Hung Ng

This paper is a written form of a talk. It gives a review of various notions of Galois (and in particular cleft) extensions. Extensions by coalgebras,bialgebras and Hopf algebras (over a commutative base ring) and by corings,bialgebroids…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2008-11-01 Gabriella Böhm

We investigate the first two Galois cohomology groups of $p$-extensions over a base field which does not necessarily contain a primitive $p$th root of unity. We use twisted coefficients in a systematic way. We describe field extensions…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jan Minac , Adrian Wadsworth

We discuss some general results on finite-dimensional Hopf algebras over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic zero and then apply them to Hopf algebras H of dimension p^{3} over k. There are 10 cases according to the group-like…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2010-07-02 Gaston Andres Garcia

A Galois scaffold, in a Galois extension of local fields with perfect residue fields, is an adaptation of the normal basis to the valuation of the extension field, and thus can be applied to answer questions of Galois module structure. Here…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-06-21 Nigel P. Byott , G. Griffith Elder

We determine and classify all finite-dimensional Hopf algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero whose Hopf coradicals are isomorphic to dual Radford algebras of dimension $4p$ for a prime $p>5$. In particular, we…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Rongchuan Xiong , Naihong Hu

Let $L/K$ be a finite, totally ramified $p$-extension of complete local fields with residue fields of characteristic $p > 0$, and let $A$ be a $K$-algebra acting on $L$. We define the concept of an $A$-scaffold on $L$, thereby extending and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-07-26 Nigel P. Byott , Lindsay N. Childs , G. Griffith Elder

To a finite Hopf-Galois extension $A | B$ we associate dual bialgebroids $S := \End_BA_B$ and $T := (A \o_B A)^B$ over the centralizer $R$ using the depth two theory in math.RA/0108067. First we extend results on the equivalence of certain…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Lars Kadison

In this paper we contribute to the classification of Hopf algebras of dimension pq, where p,q are distinct prime numbers. More precisely, we prove that if p and q are odd primes with p<q<2p+3, then any complex Hopf algebra of dimension pq…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Pavel Etingof , Shlomo Gelaki

For a prime p, we study the Galois groups of maximal pro-$p$ extensions of imaginary quadratic fields unramified outside a finite set $S$, where $S$ consists of one or two finite places not lying above $p$. When $p$ is odd, we give explicit…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-12 Qi Liu , Zugan Xing

Greither and Pareigis have established a connection between Hopf Galois structures on a Galois extension $L/K$ with Galois group $G$, and the regular subgroups of the group of permutations on $G$, which are normalized by $G$. Byott has…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-17 A. Caranti

We construct an invertible normalised 2 cocycle on the Ehresmann Schauenburg bialgebroid of a cleft Hopf Galois extension under the condition that the corresponding Hopf algebra is cocommutative and the image of the unital cocycle…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Xiao Han

This paper justifies an assertion in (Elder, Proc AMS 137 (2009), no 4, 1193--1203) that Galois scaffolds make the questions of Galois module structure tractable. Let $k$ be a perfect field of characteristic $p$ and let $K=k((T))$. For the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-01 Nigel P. Byott , G. Griffith Elder