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Related papers: Reward Sharing Schemes for Stake Pools

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Consider a set of parties invited to execute a protocol $\Pi$. The protocol will incur some cost to run while in the end (or at regular intervals), it will populate and update local tables that assign (virtual) rewards to participants. Each…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Aggelos Kiayias , Aikaterini-Panagiota Stouka

This paper examines the economic and security implications of Proof-of-Stake (POS) designs, providing a survey of POS design choices and their underlying economic principles in prominent POS-blockchains. The paper argues that…

General Economics · Economics 2024-05-24 Nicolas Oderbolz , Beatrix Marosvölgyi , Matthias Hafner

Smart contracts, the stateful programs running on blockchains, often rely on reports. Publishers are paid to publish these reports on the blockchain. Designing protocols that incentivize timely reporting is the prevalent reporting problem.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Hongyin Chen , Yubin Ke , Xiaotie Deng , Ittay Eyal

In this paper, we investigate the impact of reward schemes and committee sizes motivated by governance systems over blockchain communities. We introduce a model for elections with a binary outcome space where there is a ground truth (i.e.,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Georgios Birmpas , Philip Lazos , Evangelos Markakis , Paolo Penna

Proof-of-Work (PoW) is the most widely adopted incentive model in current blockchain systems, which unfortunately is energy inefficient. Proof-of-Stake (PoS) is then proposed to tackle the energy issue. The rich-get-richer concern of PoS…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Yuming Huang , Jing Tang , Qianhao Cong , Andrew Lim , Jianliang Xu

In the proof-of-stake (PoS) paradigm for maintaining decentralized, permissionless cryptocurrencies, Sybil attacks are prevented by basing the distribution of roles in the protocol execution on the stake distribution recorded in the ledger…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Rainer Stütz , Peter Gaži , Bernhard Haslhofer , Jacob Illum

This paper presents an empirical evaluation of the Proof of Team Sprint (PoTS) consensus algorithm, focusing on reward fairness, energy efficiency, system stability, and scalability. We conducted large-scale simulations comparing PoTS with…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Naoki Yonezawa

In 2015, Eyal proposed the first game-theoretical model for analyzing the equilibrium of blockchain pooling: when the blockchain pools are abstracted as a non-cooperative game, two pools can reach a Nash equilibrium with a closed-form…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Dongfang Zhao

Traditionally, peer-to-peer systems have relied on altruism and reciprocity. Although incentive-based models have gained prominence in new-generation peer-to-peer systems, it is essential to recognize the continued importance of cooperative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Bulat Nasrulin , Rowdy Chotkan , Johan Pouwelse

We study long-term equilibria that arise in the token monetary policy, or tokenomics, design of proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain systems that engage utility maximizing users and validators. Validators are system maintainers who get rewarded…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Aggelos Kiayias , Philip Lazos , Paolo Penna

The idea of security sharing goes back to Nakamoto's introduction of merge mining, a technique that enables Bitcoin miners to reuse their hash power to bootstrap and secure other Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains. However, with the rise of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xinshu Dong , Orfeas Stefanos Thyfronitis Litos , Ertem Nusret Tas , David Tse , Robin Linus Woll , Lei Yang , Mingchao Yu

Sharding enhances blockchain scalability by partitioning nodes into multiple groups for concurrent transaction processing. Configuring a large number of small shards usually helps improve transaction concurrency, but it also increases the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Mingzhe Li , You Lin , Jin Zhang

We study Nash-dynamics in the context of blockchain protocols. We introduce a formal model, within which one can assess whether the Nash dynamics can lead utility-maximizing participants to defect from the "honest" protocol operation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Dimitris Karakostas , Aggelos Kiayias , Thomas Zacharias

Blockchains have sparked global interest in recent years, gaining importance as they increasingly influence technology and finance. This thesis investigates the robustness of blockchain protocols, specifically focusing on Ethereum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Ulysse Pavloff

Motivated by the intricacies of allocating treasury funds in blockchain settings, we study the problem of crowdsourcing reviews for many different proposals, in parallel. During the reviewing phase, every reviewer can select the proposals…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Georgios Birmpas , Lyudmila Kovalchuk , Philip Lazos , Roman Oliynykov

Cryptocurrency achieves distributed consensus using proof of work (PoW). Prior research in blockchain security identified financially incentivized attacks based on withholding blocks which have the attacker compromise a victim pool and pose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Sang-Yoon Chang

The dominance of a few big companies in the storage market arising various concerns including single point of failure, privacy violation, and oligopoly. To eliminate the dependency on such a centralized storage architecture, several…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Iman Vakilinia , Weihong Wang , Jiajun Xin

We design and analyze attention games that incentivize validators to check computation results. We show that no pure strategy Nash equilibrium of the game without outside parties exists by a simple argument. We then proceed to calculate the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Akaki Mamageishvili , Edward W. Felten

Mining for Bitcoins is a high-risk high-reward activity. Miners, seeking to reduce their variance and earn steadier rewards, collaborate in pooling strategies where they jointly mine for Bitcoins. Whenever some pool participant is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-14 Ben A. Fisch , Rafael Pass , Abhi Shelat

Public blockchains, though renowned for their transparency and immutability, suffer from significant privacy concerns. Network-level analysis and long-term observation of publicly available transactions can often be used to infer user…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Boutaina Jebari , Khalil Ibrahimi , Hamidou Tembine , Mounir Ghogho