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We develop a multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) framework for uncertainty quantification with Monte Carlo dropout. Treating dropout masks as a source of epistemic randomness, we define a fidelity hierarchy by the number of stochastic forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Aaron Pim , Tristan Pryer

Dropout is used as a practical tool to obtain uncertainty estimates in large vision models and reinforcement learning (RL) tasks. But to obtain well-calibrated uncertainty estimates, a grid-search over the dropout probabilities is necessary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-23 Yarin Gal , Jiri Hron , Alex Kendall

Deploying deep learning models in safety-critical applications remains a very challenging task, mandating the provision of assurances for the dependable operation of these models. Uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods estimate the model's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Daniel Bethell , Simos Gerasimou , Radu Calinescu

Instance segmentation with neural networks is an essential task in environment perception. In many works, it has been observed that neural networks can predict false positive instances with high confidence values and true positives with low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Kira Maag , Matthias Rottmann , Serin Varghese , Fabian Hueger , Peter Schlicht , Hanno Gottschalk

Accurate brain tumor segmentation from MRI is vital for diagnosis and treatment planning. Although Monte Carlo (MC) Dropout is widely used to estimate model uncertainty, the effectiveness of variance-based uncertainty - computed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Saumya B

While deep neural networks have become the go-to approach in computer vision, the vast majority of these models fail to properly capture the uncertainty inherent in their predictions. Estimating this predictive uncertainty can be crucial,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Martin Danelljan , Thomas B. Schön

In the world of action recognition research, one primary focus has been on how to construct and train networks to model the spatial-temporal volume of an input video. These methods typically uniformly sample a segment of an input clip…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Xinyu Li , Chunhui Liu , Bing Shuai , Yi Zhu , Hao Chen , Joseph Tighe

Limited DXA access hinders osteoporosis screening. This proof-of-concept study proposes using widely available knee X-rays for opportunistic Bone Mineral Density (BMD) estimation via deep learning, emphasizing robust uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Long Hui , Wai Lok Yeung

The deployment of deep neural networks in safety-critical systems necessitates reliable and efficient uncertainty quantification (UQ). A practical and widespread strategy for UQ is repurposing stochastic regularizers as scalable approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Adam T. Müller , Tobias Rögelein , Nicolaj C. Stache

Residual moveout (RMO) provides critical information for travel time tomography. The current industry-standard method for fitting RMO involves scanning high-order polynomial equations. However, this analytical approach does not accurately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hongtao Wang , Jiandong Liang , Lei Wang , Shuaizhe Liang , Jinping Zhu , Chunxia Zhang , Jiangshe Zhang

Long-form video understanding, characterized by long-range temporal dependencies and multiple events, remains a challenge. Existing methods often rely on static reasoning or external visual-language models (VLMs), which face issues like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yuan Xie , Tianshui Chen , Zheng Ge , Lionel Ni

In this study, we introduce an intelligent Test Time Augmentation (TTA) algorithm designed to enhance the robustness and accuracy of image classification models against viewpoint variations. Unlike traditional TTA methods that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Efe Ozturk , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Video temporal understanding is crucial for multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to reason over events in videos. Despite recent advances in general video understanding, current MLLMs still struggle with fine-grained temporal reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fuwen Luo , Shengfeng Lou , Chi Chen , Ziyue Wang , Chenliang Li , Weizhou Shen , Jiyue Guo , Peng Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Yang Liu

Deep Learning-based image super-resolution (SR) has been gaining traction with the aid of Generative Adversarial Networks. Models like SRGAN and ESRGAN are constantly ranked between the best image SR tools. However, they lack principled…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-23 Maniraj Sai Adapa , Marco Zullich , Matias Valdenegro-Toro

Seismic imaging faces challenges due to the presence of several uncertainty sources. Uncertainties exist in data measurements, source positioning, and subsurface geophysical properties. Reverse time migration (RTM) is a high-resolution…

Understanding causal event relationships and achieving fine-grained temporal grounding in videos remain challenging for vision-language models. Existing methods either compress video tokens to reduce temporal resolution, or treat videos as…

For fine-grained categorization tasks, videos could serve as a better source than static images as videos have a higher chance of containing discriminative patterns. Nevertheless, a video sequence could also contain a lot of redundant and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Chen Zhu , Xiao Tan , Feng Zhou , Xiao Liu , Kaiyu Yue , Errui Ding , Yi Ma

Detection Transformer (DETR) and its variants show strong performance on object detection, a key task for autonomous systems. However, a critical limitation of these models is that their confidence scores only reflect semantic uncertainty,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yutong Yang , Katarina Popović , Julian Wiederer , Markus Braun , Vasileios Belagiannis , Bin Yang

Prediction uncertainty estimation has clinical significance as it can potentially quantify prediction reliability. Clinicians may trust 'blackbox' models more if robust reliability information is available, which may lead to more models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Michael Dohopolski , Kai Wang , Biling Wang , Ti Bai , Dan Nguyen , David Sher , Steve Jiang , Jing Wang

As a critical task in video sequence classification within computer vision, Online Action Detection (OAD) has garnered significant attention. The sensitivity of mainstream OAD models to varying video viewpoints often hampers their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Liping Xie , Yang Tan , Shicheng Jing , Huimin Lu , Kanjian Zhang