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In social and biomedical sciences testing in contingency tables often involves order restrictions on cell-probabilities parameters. We develop objective Bayes methods for order-constrained testing and model comparison when observations…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-10-24 Roberta Paroli , Guido Consonni

Testing differences between a treatment and control group is common practice in biomedical research like randomized controlled trials (RCT). The standard two-sample t-test relies on null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) via p-values,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-18 Riko Kelter

A simple test is proposed for examining the correctness of a given completely specified response function against unspecified general alternatives in the context of univariate regression. The usual diagnostic tools based on residuals plots…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-04-27 Jean-Baptiste Aubin , Samuela Leoni-Aubin

Despite their importance in supporting experimental conclusions, standard statistical tests are often inadequate for research areas, like the life sciences, where the typical sample size is small and the test assumptions difficult to…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-04-15 Pietro Berkes , Jozsef Fiser

High-dimensional mean vector testing problem for two or more groups remain a very active research area. In these setting, traditional tests are not applicable because they involve the inversion of rank deficient group covariance matrix. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-12 Roger S Zoh , Fangzheng Xie

Accurate comparisons between theoretical models and experimental data are critical for scientific progress. However, inferred physical model parameters can vary significantly with the chosen physics model, highlighting the importance of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-10-27 Sunil Jaiswal , Chun Shen , Richard J. Furnstahl , Ulrich Heinz , Matthew T. Pratola

In this paper, we propose a general framework for combining evidence of varying quality to estimate underlying binary latent variables in the presence of restrictions imposed to respect the scientific context. The resulting algorithms…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-28 Zhenke Wu , Livia Casciola-Rosen , Antony Rosen , Scott L. Zeger

Design of experiments has traditionally relied on the frequentist hypothesis testing framework where the optimal size of the experiment is specified as the minimum sample size that guarantees a required level of power. Sample size…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-07 Shirin Golchi , Luke Hagar

Many psychological theories can be operationalized as linear inequality constraints on the parameters of multinomial distributions (e.g., discrete choice analysis). These constraints can be described in two equivalent ways: Either as the…

Computation · Statistics 2019-04-23 Daniel W. Heck , Clintin P. Davis-Stober

Clinical trials often seek to determine the superiority, equivalence, or non-inferiority of an experimental condition (e.g., a new drug) compared to a control condition (e.g., a placebo or an already existing drug). The use of frequentist…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-05-09 Maximilian Linde , Don van Ravenzwaaij

Bayesian linear mixed-effects models and Bayesian ANOVA are increasingly being used in the cognitive sciences to perform null hypothesis tests, where a null hypothesis that an effect is zero is compared with an alternative hypothesis that…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-15 Daniel J. Schad , Bruno Nicenboim , Shravan Vasishth

We present a new test of hypothesis in which we seek the probability of the null conditioned on the data, where the null is a simplification undertaken to counter the intractability of the more complex model, that the simpler null model is…

Applications · Statistics 2016-09-20 Dalia Chakrabarty

Bayes factors are an increasingly popular tool for indexing evidence from experiments. For two competing population models, the Bayes factor reflects the relative likelihood of observing some data under one model compared to the other. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-26 Thomas J. Faulkenberry , Keelyn B. Brennan

Contemporary scientific research is a distributed, collaborative endeavor, carried out by teams of researchers, regulatory institutions, funding agencies, commercial partners, and scientific bodies, all interacting with each other and…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-09 Stephen Bates , Michael I. Jordan , Michael Sklar , Jake A. Soloff

We compared Bayes factors to normalized maximum likelihood for the simple case of selecting between an order-constrained versus a full binomial model. This comparison revealed two qualitative differences in testing order constraints…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-07-01 Daniel W. Heck , Eric-Jan Wagenmakers , Richard D. Morey

In this paper, I develop a formula for estimating Bayes factors directly from minimal summary statistics produced in repeated measures analysis of variance designs. The formula, which requires knowing only the $F$-statistic, the number of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-20 Thomas J. Faulkenberry

An important feature of linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models is that the conditional mean of the response given the random effects, after transformed by a link function, is linearly related to the fixed covariate effects…

Applications · Statistics 2008-12-29 Mingyan Huang , Daowen Zhang

Standard tests of the "no-treatment-effect" hypothesis for a comparative experiment include permutation tests, the Wilcoxon rank sum test, two-sample $t$ tests, and Fisher-type randomization tests. Practitioners are aware that these…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-11 Joseph B. Lang

Background: Pairwise and network meta-analyses using fixed effect and random effects models are commonly applied to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials. The models differ in their assumptions and the interpretation of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-08-04 Shijie Ren , Jeremy E. Oakley , John W. Stevens

The null hypothesis test (NHT) is widely used for validating scientific hypotheses but is actually highly criticized. Although Bayesian tests overcome several criticisms, some limits remain. We propose a Bayesian two-interval test (2IT) in…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-06 Nicolas Meyer , Erik-André Sauleau