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One fundamental statistical question for research areas such as precision medicine and health disparity is about discovering effect modification of treatment or exposure by observed covariates. We propose a semiparametric framework for…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-04 Muxuan Liang , Menggang Yu

When treatment effect modifiers influence the decision to participate in a randomized trial, the average treatment effect in the population represented by the randomized individuals will differ from the effect in other populations. In this…

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are ideal for estimating causal effects, because the distributions of background covariates are similar in expectation across treatment groups. When estimating causal effects using observational data,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-27 Anthony D. Scotina , Roee Gutman

The autologistic model and related auto-models, commonly applied as autocovariate regression, offer distinct advantages for analysing spatially autocorrelated ecological data. However, comparative studies by Carl and K\"uhn (Ecol. Model.,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-01-28 David C. Bardos , Gurutzeta Guillera-Arroita , Brendan A. Wintle

Background: Subgroup analyses are frequently conducted in randomized clinical trials to assess evidence of heterogeneous treatment effect across patient subpopulations. Although randomization balances covariates within subgroups in…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-27 Siyun Yang , Fan Li , Laine E. Thomas , Fan Li

Covariate-adaptive randomization is popular in clinical trials with sequentially arrived patients for balancing treatment assignments across prognostic factors which may have influence on the response. However, existing theory on tests for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Ting Ye , Jun Shao

In this work, we proposed a novel inferential procedure assisted by machine learning based adjustment for randomized control trials. The method was developed under the Rosenbaum's framework of exact tests in randomized experiments with…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-23 Han Yu , Alan D. Hutson , Xiaoyi Ma

When investigators seek to estimate causal effects, they often assume that selection into treatment is based only on observed covariates. Under this identification strategy, analysts must adjust for observed confounders. While basic…

Applications · Statistics 2019-01-09 Luke Keele , Dylan Small

A benefit of randomized experiments is that covariate distributions of treatment and control groups are balanced on average, resulting in simple unbiased estimators for treatment effects. However, it is possible that a particular…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-01 Zach Branson , Luke Miratrix

Attrition in survey and field experiments presents a challenge for social science research. Common approaches to deal with this problem -- such as complete case analysis, multiple imputation, and weighting methods -- rely on strong…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-13 Xiangyu Song

Background: The development of classification methods for personalized medicine is highly dependent on the identification of predictive genetic markers. In survival analysis it is often necessary to discriminate between influential and…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-27 Thomas Welchowski , Verena Zuber , Matthias Schmid

The win ratio is increasingly used in randomized trials due to its intuitive clinical interpretation, ability to incorporate the relative importance of composite endpoints, and its capacity for combining different types of outcomes (e.g.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-02 Tracy Bergemann , Tim Hanson

Sparse models for high-dimensional linear regression and machine learning have received substantial attention over the past two decades. Model selection, or determining which features or covariates are the best explanatory variables, is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-15 Yuan Li , Benjamin Mark , Garvesh Raskutti , Rebecca Willett , Hyebin Song , David Neiman

When dealing with incomplete data in statistical learning, or incomplete observations in probabilistic inference, one needs to distinguish the fact that a certain event is observed from the fact that the observed event has happened. Since…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-13 M. Jaeger

Controlled experiments are widely used in many applications to investigate the causal relationship between input factors and experimental outcomes. A completely randomized design is usually used to randomly assign treatment levels to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Yiou Li , Lulu Kang , Xiao Huang

Remarkable progress has been made in difference-in-differences (DID) approaches to causal inference that estimate the average effect of a treatment on the treated (ATT). Of these, the semiparametric DID (SDID) approach incorporates a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-09 Takamichi Baba , Yoshiyuki Ninomiya

Adaptive designs dynamically update treatment probabilities using information accumulated during the experiment. Existing theory for causal inference from adaptive experiments primarily assumes the superpopulation framework with independent…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-26 Xinran Li , Anqi Zhao

In this paper, we provide some general convergence results for adaptive designs for treatment comparison, both in the absence and presence of covariates. In particular, we demonstrate the almost sure convergence of the treatment allocation…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-01 Alessandro Baldi Antognini , Maroussa Zagoraiou

We consider the problem of efficient inference of the Average Treatment Effect in a sequential experiment where the policy governing the assignment of subjects to treatment or control can change over time. We first provide a central limit…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-05 Thomas Cook , Alan Mishler , Aaditya Ramdas

The linear regression model is widely used in empirical work in Economics, Statistics, and many other disciplines. Researchers often include many covariates in their linear model specification in an attempt to control for confounders. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-12 Matias D. Cattaneo , Michael Jansson , Whitney K. Newey