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An approach to quantum random number generation based on unambiguous quantum state discrimination (USD) is developed. We consider a prepare-and-measure protocol, where two non-orthogonal quantum states can be prepared, and a measurement…

One of the distinguishing features of quantum theory is that its measurement outcomes are usually unpredictable or, equivalently, random. Moreover, this randomness is certifiable with minimal assumptions in the so-called device-independent…

We propose a new DRAM-based true random number generator (TRNG) that leverages DRAM cells as an entropy source. The key idea is to intentionally violate the DRAM access timing parameters and use the resulting errors as the source of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Jeremie S. Kim , Minesh Patel , Hasan Hassan , Lois Orosa , Onur Mutlu

We describe a protocol for generating random numbers based on the existence of quantum violations of a free Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality, namely CHSH-3. Our method uses semidefinite programming relaxations to compute such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-31 Don Jean Baptiste Anoman , François Arnault , Simone Naldi

In this work, we propose device independent true random numbers generation protocols based on non-inequality paradoxes such as Hardy's and Cabello's non-locality argument. The efficiency of generating randomness in our protocols are far…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-19 Hong-Wei Li , Marcin Pawlowski , Ramij Rahaman , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Besides being a beautiful idea, device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is probably the ultimate solution to defeat quantum hacking. To guarantee security, it requires, however, that the fair-sampling loophole is closed, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Víctor Zapatero , Marcos Curty

The generation of random numbers via quantum processes is an efficient and reliable method to obtain true indeterministic random numbers that are of vital importance to cryptographic communication and large-scale computer modeling. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 J. Y. Haw , S. M. Assad , A. M. Lance , N. H. Y. Ng , V. Sharma , P. K. Lam , T. Symul

We Haar uniformly generate random states of various ranks and study their performance in an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) task. In particular, we analyze the efficacy of random two-qubit states in realizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Subhankar Bera , Shashank Gupta , A. S. Majumdar

The unpredictability of random numbers is fundamental to both digital security and applications that fairly distribute resources. However, existing random number generators have limitations-the generation processes cannot be fully traced,…

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) reduces the vulnerability to side-channel attacks of standard QKD protocols by removing the need for characterized quantum devices. The higher security guarantees come however, at the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-24 Xavier Valcarce , Pavel Sekatski , Elie Gouzien , Alexey Melnikov , Nicolas Sangouard

Photon losses are the main obstacle to fully photonic implementations of device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD). Motivated by recent work showing that routed Bell scenarios offer increased robustness to detection inefficiencies…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-02 Tristan Le Roy-Deloison , Edwin Peter Lobo , Jef Pauwels , Stefano Pironio

Device-independent security is the gold standard for quantum cryptography: not only is security based entirely on the laws of quantum mechanics, but it holds irrespective of any a priori assumptions on the quantum devices used in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Rotem Arnon , Renato Renner , Thomas Vidick

Device-independent (DI) quantum cryptography aims at providing secure cryptography with minimal trust in, or characterisation of, the underlying quantum devices. A key step in DI protocols is randomness extraction (or privacy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-12 Cameron Foreman , Lluis Masanes

Fast secure random number generation is essential for high-speed encrypted communication, and is the backbone of information security. Generation of truly random numbers depends on the intrinsic randomness of the process used and is usually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Ben Haylock , Daniel Peace , Francesco Lenzini , Christian Weedbrook , Mirko Lobino

A device-independent randomness expansion protocol aims to take an initial random seed and generate a longer one without relying on details of how the devices operate for security. A large amount of work to date has focussed on a particular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Peter J. Brown , Sammy Ragy , Roger Colbeck

Even if the output of a Random Number Generator (RNG) is perfectly uniformly distributed, it may be correlated to pre-existing information and therefore be predictable. Statistical tests are thus not sufficient to guarantee that an RNG is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-20 Daniela Frauchiger , Renato Renner , Matthias Troyer

The recent development of perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has the potential to revolutionize the fields of optical communication and lighting devices, due to their simplicity of fabrication and outstanding optical properties. Here…

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) allows two distant parties to establish a secret key, based only on the observed Bell nonlocal distribution. It remains however, unclear what the minimal resources for enabling DIQKD are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Bora Ulu , Nicolas Brunner , Mirjam Weilenmann

Random numbers are a valuable commodity in gaming and gambling, simulation, conventional and quantum cryptography, and in non-conventional computing schemes such as stochastic computing. We propose to generate a random bit using a position…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Heath McCabe , Scott M. Koziol , Gregory L. Snider , Enrique P. Blair

Quantum random number generators are becoming mandatory in a demanding technology world of high performing learning algorithms and security guidelines. Our implementation based on principles of quantum mechanics enable us to achieve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-19 Anindita Banerjee , Deepika Aggarwal , Ankush Sharma , Ganesh Yadav