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Zero forcing is a process on a graph in which the goal is to force all vertices to become blue by applying a color change rule. Throttling minimizes the sum of the number of vertices that are initially blue and the number of time steps…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-15 Joshua Carlson

Zero forcing can be described as a combinatorial game on a graph that uses a color change rule in which vertices change white vertices to blue. The throttling number of a graph minimizes the sum of the number of vertices initially colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Joshua Carlson , Juergen Kritschgau

Zero forcing is a process that colors the vertices of a graph blue by starting with some vertices blue and applying a color change rule. Throttling minimizes the sum of the number of initial blue vertices and the time to color the graph. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Emelie Curl , Jesse Geneson , Leslie Hogben

Zero forcing is a process that models the spread of information throughout a graph as white vertices are forced to turn blue using a color change rule. The idea of throttling, introduced in 2013 by Butler and Young, is to optimize the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-11 Jurgen Kritschgau , Josh Carlson

Product throttling answers the question of minimizing the product of the resources needed to accomplish a task, and the time in which it takes to accomplish the task. In product throttling for positive semidefinite zero forcing, task that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Esther Conrad

Zero forcing is a process on graphs in which a color change rule is used to force vertices to become blue. The amount of time taken for all vertices in the graph to become blue is the propagation time. Throttling minimizes the sum of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-07 Emily Cairncross , Joshua Carlson , Peter Hollander , Benjamin Kitchen , Emily Lopez , Ashley Zhuang

Zero forcing in a graph refers to the evolution of vertex states under repeated application of a color change rule. Typically the states are chosen to be blue and white, and a forcing set is an initial set of blue vertices such that all of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Daniela Ferrero , H. Tracy Hall , Leslie Hogben , Mark Hunnell , Ben Small

Zero forcing is an iterative graph coloring process studied for its wide array of applications. In this process, the vertices of the graph are initially designated as blue or white, and a zero forcing set is a set of initially blue vertices…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Asher Brown , Mark Hunnell , Za'Kiyah Toomer-Sanders , Sarah Weber

The concept of zero forcing involves a dynamic coloring process by which blue vertices cause white vertices to become blue, with the goal of forcing the entire graph blue while choosing as few as possible vertices to be initially blue. Past…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Sara Anderton , Kanno Mizozoe , Houston Schuerger , Andrew Schwartz

Zero forcing is a coloring game played on a graph that was introduced more than ten years ago in several different applications. The goal is to color all the vertices blue by repeated use of a (deterministic) color change rule.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-31 Jesse Geneson , Leslie Hogben

Zero forcing is a dynamic coloring process on graphs. Initially, each vertex of a graph is assigned a color of either blue or white, and then a process begins by which blue vertices force white vertices to become blue. The zero forcing…

Consider a discrete-time process on a graph $G$ where a set $B$ of initial vertices are chosen to be colored blue (the remainder being white) and then a time step consists of every currently blue vertex forcing all of its neighbors to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-06-22 Michael S. Ross

Probabilistic zero-forcing is a coloring process on a graph. In this process, an initial set of vertices is colored blue, and the remaining vertices are colored white. At each time step, blue vertices have a non-zero probability of forcing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-26 David Hu , Alec Sun

The zero forcing process is an iterative graph colouring process in which at each time step a coloured vertex with a single uncoloured neighbour can force this neighbour to become coloured. A zero forcing set of a graph is an initial set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-18 Deepak Bal , Patrick Bennett , Sean English , Calum MacRury , Paweł Prałat

Zero forcing is a dynamic graph coloring process whereby a colored vertex with a single uncolored neighbor forces that neighbor to be colored. This forcing process has been used to approximate certain linear algebraic parameters, as well as…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-04-05 Boris Brimkov , Randy Davila

Zero forcing is an iterative process on a graph used to bound the maximum nullity. The process begins with select vertices as colored, and the remaining vertices can become colored under a specific color change rule. The goal is to find a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-27 Franklin H. J. Kenter , Jephian C. -H. Lin

The positive zero forcing number of a graph is a graph parameter that arises from a non-traditional type of graph colouring, and is related to a more conventional version of zero forcing. We establish a relation between the zero forcing and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-28 Shaun Fallat , Karen Meagher , Boting Yang

Let $G$ be a simple, finite, and undirected graph with vertices each given an initial coloring of either blue or white. Zero forcing on graph $G$ is an iterative process of forcing its white vertices to become blue after a finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-11 Ma. Nerissa M. Abara , Prince Allan B. Pelayo

Zero forcing in graphs is a coloring process where a colored vertex can force its unique uncolored neighbor to be colored. A zero forcing set is a set of initially colored vertices capable of eventually coloring all vertices of the graph.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-03 Krishna Menon , Anurag Singh

Zero forcing is a deterministic iterative graph colouring process in which vertices are coloured either blue or white, and in every round, any blue vertices that have a single white neighbour force these white vertices to become blue. Here…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-17 Natalie C. Behague , Trent Marbach , Pawel Pralat
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