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Variance reduction (VR) methods employ stochastic gradients with decreasing variance, and they have been widely applied to solve large-scale optimization problems in machine learning because of their efficiency. Existing theoretical studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yunwen Lei , Zimeng Wang , Xiaoming Yuan

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants are widely used and highly effective optimization methods in machine learning, especially for neural network training. By using a single datum or a small subset of the data, selected…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Bangti Jin , Zeljko Kereta , Yuxin Xia

We study the generalization error of randomized learning algorithms -- focusing on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) -- using a novel combination of PAC-Bayes and algorithmic stability. Importantly, our generalization bounds hold for all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Ben London

One of the major issues in stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods is how to choose an appropriate step size while running the algorithm. Since the traditional line search technique does not apply for stochastic optimization algorithms,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-24 Conghui Tan , Shiqian Ma , Yu-Hong Dai , Yuqiu Qian

Step sizes in neural network training are largely determined using predetermined rules such as fixed learning rates and learning rate schedules. These require user input or expensive global optimization strategies to determine their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-07 Dominic Kafka , Daniel Wilke

Recent work has established an empirically successful framework for adapting learning rates for stochastic gradient descent (SGD). This effectively removes all needs for tuning, while automatically reducing learning rates over time on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-03-28 Tom Schaul , Yann LeCun

In this paper, we propose a simple variant of the original stochastic variance reduction gradient (SVRG), where hereafter we refer to as the variance reduced stochastic gradient descent (VR-SGD). Different from the choices of the snapshot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-18 Fanhua Shang

We develop two novel stochastic variance-reduction methods to approximate solutions of a class of nonmonotone [generalized] equations. Our algorithms leverage a new combination of ideas from the forward-reflected-backward splitting method…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Quoc Tran-Dinh

We investigate the convergence rates and data sample sizes required for training a machine learning model using a stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm, where data points are sampled based on either their loss value or uncertainty…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Daniel Haimovich , Dima Karamshuk , Fridolin Linder , Niek Tax , Milan Vojnovic

For many machine learning problems, data is abundant and it may be prohibitive to make multiple passes through the full training set. In this context, we investigate strategies for dynamically increasing the effective sample size, when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Hadi Daneshmand , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Stochastic variance reduced gradient (SVRG) is a popular variance reduction technique for accelerating stochastic gradient descent (SGD). We provide a first analysis of the method for solving a class of linear inverse problems in the lens…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Bangti Jin , Zehui Zhou , Jun Zou

Stochastic gradient methods are among the most widely used algorithms for large-scale optimization and machine learning. A key technique for improving the statistical efficiency and stability of these methods is the use of averaging schemes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-11 K. Lakshmanan

Despite the development of numerous adaptive optimizers, tuning the learning rate of stochastic gradient methods remains a major roadblock to obtaining good practical performance in machine learning. Rather than changing the learning rate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-27 Hunter Lang , Pengchuan Zhang , Lin Xiao

The Stochastic Extragradient (SEG) method is one of the most popular algorithms for solving min-max optimization and variational inequalities problems (VIP) appearing in various machine learning tasks. However, several important questions…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-23 Eduard Gorbunov , Hugo Berard , Gauthier Gidel , Nicolas Loizou

We revisit the sample average approximation (SAA) approach for non-convex stochastic programming. We show that applying the SAA approach to problems with expected value equality constraints does not necessarily result in asymptotic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-16 Thomas Lew , Riccardo Bonalli , Marco Pavone

Stochastic optimization lies at the core of most statistical learning models. The recent great development of stochastic algorithmic tools focused significantly onto proximal gradient iterations, in order to find an efficient approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Andrei Patrascu , Ciprian Paduraru , Paul Irofti

Traditionally, stochastic approximation schemes for SVIs have relied on strong monotonicity and Lipschitzian properties of the underlying map. In contrast, we consider monotone stochastic variational inequality (SVI) problems where the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-01-06 Farzad Yousefian , Angelia Nedić , Uday V. Shanbhag

We present adaptive sequential SAA (sample average approximation) algorithms to solve large-scale two-stage stochastic linear programs. The iterative algorithm framework we propose is organized into \emph{outer} and \emph{inner} iterations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-08 Raghu Pasupathy , Yongjia Song

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method and its variants are algorithms of choice for many Deep Learning tasks. These methods operate in a small-batch regime wherein a fraction of the training data, say $32$-$512$ data points, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Nitish Shirish Keskar , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Jorge Nocedal , Mikhail Smelyanskiy , Ping Tak Peter Tang

We explore an explicit link between stochastic gradient descent using common batching strategies and splitting methods for ordinary differential equations. From this perspective, we introduce a new minibatching strategy (called Symmetric…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Luke Shaw , Peter A. Whalley