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Artificial neural networks have diverged far from their early inspiration in neurology. In spite of their technological and commercial success, they have several shortcomings, most notably the need for a large number of training examples…

Evaluation metrics in machine learning are often hardly taken as loss functions, as they could be non-differentiable and non-decomposable, e.g., average precision and F1 score. This paper aims to address this problem by revisiting the…

Deep neural networks proved to be a very useful and powerful tool with many practical applications. They especially excel at learning from large data sets with labeled samples. However, in order to achieve good learning results, the network…

Reliable plasma transport modeling for magnetic confinement fusion depends on accurately resolving the ion charge state distribution and radiative power losses of the plasma. These quantities can be obtained from solutions of a…

Recent developments of advanced driver-assistance systems necessitate an increasing number of tests to validate new technologies. These tests cannot be carried out on track in a reasonable amount of time and automotive groups rely on…

Mesh-based simulations play a key role when modeling complex physical systems that, in many disciplines across science and engineering, require the solution of parametrized time-dependent nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). In…

Optimal actuator and control design is studied as a multi-level optimisation problem, where the actuator design is evaluated based on the performance of the associated optimal closed loop. The evaluation of the optimal closed loop for a…

Surrogate Neural Networks are nowadays routinely used in industry as substitutes for computationally demanding engineering simulations (e.g., in structural analysis). They allow to generate faster predictions and thus analyses in industrial…

Large-scale numerical simulations are used across many scientific disciplines to facilitate experimental development and provide insights into underlying physical processes, but they come with a significant computational cost. Deep neural…

Gradient-based optimization of engineering designs is limited by non-differentiable components in the typical computer-aided engineering (CAE) workflow, which calculates performance metrics from design parameters. While gradient-based…

Coarse-scale surrogate models in the context of numerical homogenization of linear elliptic problems with arbitrary rough diffusion coefficients rely on the efficient solution of fine-scale sub-problems on local subdomains whose solutions…

Training spiking neural networks to approximate universal functions is essential for studying information processing in the brain and for neuromorphic computing. Yet the binary nature of spikes poses a challenge for direct gradient-based…

One method to solve expensive black-box optimization problems is to use a surrogate model that approximates the objective based on previous observed evaluations. The surrogate, which is cheaper to evaluate, is optimized instead to find an…

Artificial neural networks can be used for creating surrogate models that can replace computationally expensive simulations. In this paper, a surrogate model was created for a subset of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) final-focus system.…

Not being able to understand and predict the behavior of deep learning systems makes it hard to decide what architecture and algorithm to use for a given problem. In science and engineering, modeling is a methodology used to understand…

Surrogate models driven by sizeable datasets and scientific machine-learning methods have emerged as an attractive microstructure simulation tool with the potential to deliver predictive microstructure evolution dynamics with huge savings…

In Bayesian inverse problems, surrogate models are often constructed to speed up the computational procedure, as the parameter-to-data map can be very expensive to evaluate. However, due to the curse of dimensionality and the nonlinear…

Evolutionary algorithms provide gradient-free optimisation which is beneficial for models that have difficulty in obtaining gradients; for instance, geoscientific landscape evolution models. However, such models are at times computationally…

Driven by increased complexity of dynamical systems, the solution of system of differential equations through numerical simulation in optimization problems has become computationally expensive. This paper provides a smart data driven…

Heuristic optimisation algorithms explore the search space by sampling solutions, evaluating their fitness, and biasing the search in the direction of promising solutions. However, in many cases, this fitness function involves executing…