Related papers: Small system studies: A theory overview
A dense parton system is expected to be formed in the early stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC energies and above. The probability of a quark gluon plasma production and the resulting strength of its signatures depends…
The heavy-ion collisions (A--A) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies have confirmed the production of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a new state of nuclear matter where quarks and gluons are deconfined. The light-flavour hadrons…
There are strong indications that ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions, produced in accelarators, lead to the formation of a new state of matter: the quark gluon plasma (QGP). This deconfined QCD matter is expected to exist just for very…
Small collision systems, e.g. $p$-$p$ and $p$-Pb collisions, comprise a potential reference for more-central A-A collisions with regard to production (or not) of a thermalized quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Small systems with low particle…
Relativistic heavy ion collisions generate nuclear-sized droplets of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that exhibit nearly inviscid hydrodynamic expansion. Smaller collision systems such as p+Au, d+Au, and $^{3}$He+Au at the Relativistic Heavy Ion…
The origin of flow-like effects in small systems, such as those produced in ultra-relativistic proton-proton and proton-lead collisions, is still widely debated. In this paper the goal is to look at possible consequences if indeed a…
Ultrarelativistic collisions between heavy nuclei briefly generate the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a new state of matter characterized by deconfined partons last seen microseconds after the Big Bang. The properties of the QGP are of intense…
The energy densities achieved during central collisions of large nuclei at Brookhaven's AGS may be high enough to allow the formation of quark--gluon plasma. Calculations based on relativistic nucleation theory suggest that rare events,…
The spectroscopic properties of heavy quarkonia are substantially different in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) that is created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions as compared to the vacuum situation that can be tested in pp collisions at the…
The quark gluon plasma generated in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions may possess sizable momentum-space anisotropies that cause the longitudinal and transverse pressures in the local rest frame to be significantly different. We review…
Heavy ion collisions quickly form a droplet of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) with a remarkably small viscosity. We give an accessible introduction to how to study this smallest and hottest droplet of liquid made on earth and why it is so…
Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a QCD state of matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, has remarkable properties, including, for example, a low shear viscosity over entropy ratio. By detecting the collection of low-momentum…
It is shown that the acoustic scaling patterns of anisotropic flow for different event shapes at a fixed collision centrality (shape-engineered events), provide robust constraints for the event-by-event fluctuations in the initial-state…
The energy densities achieved during central collisions of large nuclei at the AGS may be high enough to allow the formation of quark--gluon plasma. We propose that most collisions at AGS energies produce superheated hadronic matter, but in…
Relativistic heavy ion collisions, which are performed at large experimental programs such as Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider's (RHIC) STAR experiment and the Large Hadron Collider's (LHC) experiments, can create an extremely hot and dense…
An elementary introduction to the physics of quark-gluon plasma is given. We start with a sketchy presentation of the Quantum Chromodynamics which is the fundamental theory of strong interactions. The structure of hadrons built up of quarks…
With the advent of unprecedented collision energy at the Large Hadron Collider, CERN, Geneva, a new domain of particle production and possible formation of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions and the…
The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is a high temperature state of matter produced in the collisions of two nuclei at relativistic energies. The properties of this matter at short distance scales are probed using jets with high transverse momentum…
Understanding the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) offers insights into the strong interaction and the conditions of the early universe.Since the QGP cannot be observed directly, its properties must be inferred from the particles…
The formation probability of quark-gluon plasma in relativistic heavy ion collisions for colliding nuclei of different sizes is investigated in the framework of a bond percolation model. The results show that nuclei with sizes smaller than…