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We consider streaming, one-pass principal component analysis (PCA), in the high-dimensional regime, with limited memory. Here, $p$-dimensional samples are presented sequentially, and the goal is to produce the $k$-dimensional subspace that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-07-02 Ioannis Mitliagkas , Constantine Caramanis , Prateek Jain

We study the dynamics of an online algorithm for learning a sparse leading eigenvector from samples generated from a spiked covariance model. This algorithm combines the classical Oja's method for online PCA with an element-wise…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Chuang Wang , Yue M. Lu

We study streaming principal component analysis (PCA), that is to find, in $O(dk)$ space, the top $k$ eigenvectors of a $d\times d$ hidden matrix $\bf \Sigma$ with online vectors drawn from covariance matrix $\bf \Sigma$. We provide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-04-18 Zeyuan Allen-Zhu , Yuanzhi Li

In this paper we propose a new algorithm for streaming principal component analysis. With limited memory, small devices cannot store all the samples in the high-dimensional regime. Streaming principal component analysis aims to find the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-16 Puyudi Yang , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Jane-Ling Wang

We study the problem of recovering the subspace spanned by the first $k$ principal components of $d$-dimensional data under the streaming setting, with a memory bound of $O(kd)$. Two families of algorithms are known for this problem. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-13 Chun-Liang Li , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Chi-Jen Lu

This work provides improved guarantees for streaming principle component analysis (PCA). Given $A_1, \ldots, A_n\in \mathbb{R}^{d\times d}$ sampled independently from distributions satisfying $\mathbb{E}[A_i] = \Sigma$ for $\Sigma \succeq…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-29 Prateek Jain , Chi Jin , Sham M. Kakade , Praneeth Netrapalli , Aaron Sidford

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction technique with an extensive range of applications. In this paper, an online distributed algorithm is proposed for recovering the principal eigenspaces. We further…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-20 Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Mohamad Kazem Shirani Faradonbeh , George Michailidis

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique in machine learning, data analysis and signal processing. With the increase in the size and complexity of datasets, it has become important to develop low-space usage algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Yichuan Deng , Zhao Song , Zifan Wang , Han Zhang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most powerful tools in machine learning. The simplest method for PCA, the power iteration, requires $\mathcal O(1/\Delta)$ full-data passes to recover the principal component of a matrix with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-11 Christopher De Sa , Bryan He , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Christopher Ré , Peng Xu

We propose generic acceleration schemes for a wide class of optimization and iterative schemes based on relaxation and inertia. In particular, we introduce methods that automatically tunes the acceleration coefficients online, and establish…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-22 Franck Iutzeler , Julien M. Hendrickx

We study distributed principal component analysis (PCA) in high-dimensional settings under the spiked model. In such regimes, sample eigenvectors can deviate significantly from population ones, introducing a persistent bias. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-29 Weiming Li , Zeng Li , Siyu Wang , Yanqing Yin , Junpeng Zhu

Despite recent progress in video generation, inference speed remains a major bottleneck. A common acceleration strategy involves reusing model outputs via caching mechanisms at fixed intervals. However, we find that such fixed-frequency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Zishen Huang , Chunyu Yang , Mengyuan Ren

We analyze Oja's algorithm for streaming $k$-PCA and prove that it achieves performance nearly matching that of an optimal offline algorithm. Given access to a sequence of i.i.d. $d \times d$ symmetric matrices, we show that Oja's algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-09 De Huang , Jonathan Niles-Weed , Rachel Ward

In this paper, we present an online adaptive PCA algorithm that is able to compute the full dimensional eigenspace per new time-step of sequential data. The algorithm is based on a one-step update rule that considers all second order…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-13 Salaheddin Alakkari , John Dingliana

Oja's algorithm has been the cornerstone of streaming methods in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) since it was first proposed in 1982. However, Oja's algorithm does not have a standardized choice of learning rate (step size) that both…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-04 Amelia Henriksen , Rachel Ward

Since its inception in 1982, Oja's algorithm has become an established method for streaming principle component analysis (PCA). We study the problem of streaming PCA, where the data-points are sampled from an irreducible, aperiodic, and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Syamantak Kumar , Purnamrita Sarkar

In this paper we focus on the problem of Online Principal Component Analysis in the regret minimization framework. For this problem, all existing regret minimization algorithms for the fully-adversarial setting are based on a positive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-01 Dan Garber

Principal component analysis (PCA) has been a prominent tool for high-dimensional data analysis. Online algorithms that estimate the principal component by processing streaming data are of tremendous practical and theoretical interests.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-10-09 Chris Junchi Li , Mengdi Wang , Han Liu , Tong Zhang

We introduce primed-PCA (pPCA), a two-step algorithm for speeding up the approximation of principal components. This algorithm first runs any approximate-PCA method to get an initial estimate of the principal components (priming), and then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Bálint Máté , François Fleuret

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction technique in machine learning and multivariate statistics. To improve the interpretability of PCA, various approaches to obtain sparse principal direction loadings have…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Agniva Chowdhury , Petros Drineas , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou
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