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How the environment influences the most massive galaxies is still unclear. To explore the environmental effects on morphology and star formation in the most massive galaxies at high redshift, we select galaxies with stellar mass…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-06-28 Jie Song , Guanwen Fang , Yizhou Gu , Zesen Lin , Xu Kong

We describe a model-independent integral constraint which defines an upper limit to the allowed degree of evolution in the ratio of black hole (BH) mass to host galaxy luminosity or mass, as a function of redshift. Essentially, if the…

We investigate the growth of central supermassive black holes in galaxies, aiming to distinguish between gas accretion versus BH merger-driven growth modes. By performing and analysing cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of $(50 ~ {\rm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-06 Paramita Barai

Observations of massive galaxies at low redshift have revealed approximately linear scaling relations between the mass of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and properties of its host galaxy. How these scaling relations evolve with redshift…

We study the link between supermassive black hole growth and the stellar mass assembly of their host galaxies in the state-of-the-art Romulus suite of simulations. The cosmological simulations Romulus25 and RomulusC employ innovative…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-25 Angelo Ricarte , Michael Tremmel , Priyamvada Natarajan , Thomas Quinn

The occupation fraction of massive black holes (MBHs) in dwarf galaxies offers interesting insights into initial black hole seeding mechanisms and their mass assembly history, though disentangling these two effects remains challenging.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-04-17 Michael Tremmel , Angelo Ricarte , Priyamvada Natarajan , Jillian Bellovary , Ramon Sharma , Thomas R. Quinn

Coupling of black hole mass to the cosmic expansion has been suggested as a possible path to understanding the dark energy content of the Universe. We test this hypothesis by comparing the supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass density at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-20 Mark Lacy , Athena Engholm , Duncan Farrah , Kiana Ejercito

The hierarchical nature of galaxy formation in the $\Lambda$CDM framework often leads to multiple supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the galactic nuclei. The timescale over which galaxies merge, plays a crucial role in shaping the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-27 Navonil Saha , Peter Berczik , Andreas Just , Margarita Sobolenko

Observations have established that the masses of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) correlate tightly with the stellar masses of their host galaxies, albeit with substantial scatter. The magnitude of this scatter as a function of galaxy mass…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-15 Bocheng Zhu , Volker Springel

In order to assess whether the environment has a significant effect on galaxy sizes, we compare the mass--size relations of cluster and field galaxies in the $0.4 < z < 0.8$ redshift range from the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS) using…

[Abridged] Tight correlations between supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) and the properties of the host galaxy have useful implications for our understanding of the growth of SMBHs and evolution of galaxies. Here, we present…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-05 Bililign T. Dullo , Alexandre Y. K. Bouquin , Armando Gil De Paz , Johan H. Knapen , Javier Gorgas

We show that the observed scatter in the relations between the mass of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), M_bh, and the velocity dispersion sigma or mass M_sph of their host spheroid, place interesting constraints on the process that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Stuart Wyithe , Abraham Loeb

Massive black holes (BHs) are at once exotic and yet ubiquitous, residing in the centers of massive galaxies in the local Universe. Recent years have seen remarkable advances in our understanding of how these BHs form and grow over cosmic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-03 David M. Alexander , Ryan C. Hickox

The observed super-massive black hole (SMBH) mass -- galaxy velocity dispersion ($M_{\rm cmo} - \sigma$) correlation, and the similar correlation for nuclear star clusters, may be established when winds/outflows from the CMO ("central…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-02-17 Sergei Nayakshin

JWST has detected many overmassive galactic systems at $z > 4$, where the mass of the black hole, $M_\bullet$, is $10-100$ times larger than expected from local relations, given the host's stellar mass, $M_\star$. This Letter presents a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-03-29 Fabio Pacucci , Abraham Loeb

Understanding the relative roles of large-scale environment and internal host-galaxy processes in shaping AGN activity is essential for constraining models of black-hole growth and galaxy evolution. We investigate how the environment of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-22 G. Mountrichas , F. J. Carrera , F. Shankar , A. Georgakakis

As the number of gravitational-wave detections grows, the merger rate of binary black holes (BBHs) can help us to constrain their formation, the properties of their progenitors, and their birth environment. Here, we aim to address the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-24 Cecilia Sgalletta , Michela Mapelli , Lumen Boco , Filippo Santoliquido , M. Celeste Artale , Giuliano Iorio , Andrea Lapi , Mario Spera

We have examined the relationship between supermassive black hole mass (M$_{BH}$) and the stellar mass of the host spheroid (M$_{sph,*}$) for a sample of 75 nearby galaxies. To derive the spheroid stellar masses we used improved 2MASS…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-04 Nicholas Scott , Alister W. Graham , James Schombert

We study the evolution of black holes (BHs) on the M_BH-sigma and M_BH-M_bulge planes as a function of time in disk galaxies undergoing mergers. We begin the simulations with the progenitor black hole masses being initially below (Delta log…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Peter H. Johansson , Andreas Burkert , Thorsten Naab

We assess the effects of super-massive black hole (SMBH) environments on the gravitational-wave (GW) signal from binary SMBHs. To date, searches with pulsar timing arrays for GWs from binary SMBHs, in the frequency band $\sim1-100$\,nHz,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 V. Ravi , J. S. B. Wyithe , R. M. Shannon , G. Hobbs , R. N. Manchester