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Beam alignment is a key challenge in directional mmWave and THz systems, where narrow beams require accurate yet low-overhead training. Existing learning-based approaches typically predict a single beam and do not quantify uncertainty,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Esraa Fahmy Othman , Lina Bariah , Merouane Debbah

Future vehicular communication networks call for new solutions to support their capacity demands, by leveraging the potential of the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) spectrum. Mobility, in particular, poses severe challenges in their design, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Maria Scalabrin , Nicolò Michelusi , Michele Rossi

Leveraging sensory information to aid the millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-terahertz (sub-THz) beam selection process is attracting increasing interest. This sensory data, captured for example by cameras at the basestations, has the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Gouranga Charan , Muhammad Alrabeiah , Tawfik Osman , Ahmed Alkhateeb

The performance of millimeter wave (mmWave) communications critically depends on the accuracy of beamforming both at base station (BS) and user terminals (UEs) due to high isotropic path-loss and channel attenuation. In high mobility…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Saeid K. Dehkordi , Mari Kobayashi , Giuseppe Caire

Using environmental sensory data can enhance communications beam training and reduce its overhead compared to conventional methods. However, the availability of fresh sensory data during inference may be limited due to sensing constraints…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Abolfazl Zakeri , Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Ahmed Alkhateeb , Markku Juntti

This paper is concerned with the channel estimation problem in millimetre wave (MMW) wireless systems with large antenna arrays. By exploiting the sparse nature of the MMW channel, we present an efficient estimation algorithm based on a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Matthew Kokshoorn , Peng Wang , Yonghui Li , Branka Vucetic

The best beam steering directions are estimated through beam training, which is one of the most important and challenging tasks in millimeter-wave and sub-terahertz communications. Novel array architectures and signal processing techniques…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-20 Veljko Boljanovic , Han Yan , Chung-Ching Lin , Soumen Mohapatra , Deukhyoun Heo , Subhanshu Gupta , Danijela Cabric

This paper investigates a novel research direction that leverages vision to help overcome the critical wireless communication challenges. In particular, this paper considers millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems, which are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Muhammad Alrabeiah , Andrew Hredzak , Ahmed Alkhateeb

Millimeter-wave transceivers use large antenna arrays to form narrow high-directional beams and overcome severe attenuation. Narrow beams require large signaling overhead to be aligned if no prior information about beam directions is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-16 Mohamed Naguib , Yahia Shabara , Can Emre Koksal

Increasing attention is being paid to millimeter-wave (mmWave), 30 GHz to 300 GHz, and terahertz (THz), 300 GHz to 10 THz, sensing applications including security sensing, industrial packaging, medical imaging, and non-destructive testing.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-28 Josiah Smith

Beamforming techniques are utilized in millimeter wave (mmWave) communication to address the inherent path loss limitation, thereby establishing and maintaining reliable connections. However, adopting standard defined beamforming approach…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Muhammad Baqer Mollah , Honggang Wang , Hua Fang

Wireless backhaul communication has been recently realized with large antennas operating in the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band and implementing highly directional beamforming. In this paper, we focus on the alignment problem of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-10-13 George C. Alexandropoulos

High-frequency bands such as millimeter-wave and terahertz require narrow beams due to path loss and shadowing. Beam alignment (BA) methods allow the transceivers to adjust the directions of these beams efficiently by exploiting the channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Ozlem Yildiz , Abbas Khalili , Elza Erkip

Although Terahertz communication systems can provide high data rates, it needs high directional beamforming at transmitters and receivers to achieve such rates over a long distance. Therefore, an efficient beam training method is vital to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Songjie Yang , Zhongpei Zhang , Zhenzhen Hu , Nuan Song , Hao Liu

The performance of millimeter wave (mmWave) communications strongly relies on accurate beamforming both at base station and user terminal sides, referred to as beam alignment (BA). Existing BA algorithms provide initial yet coarse angle…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Fernando Pedraza , Mari Kobayashi , Giuseppe Caire

Maintaining reliable millimeter wave (mmWave) connections to many fast-moving mobiles is a key challenge in the theory and practice of 5G systems. In this paper, we develop a new algorithm that can jointly track the beam direction and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Jiahui Li , Yin Sun , Limin Xiao , Shidong Zhou , Ashutosh Sabharwal

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication, utilizing beamforming techniques to address the inherent path loss limitation, is considered as one of the key technologies to support ever increasing high throughput and low latency demands of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Muhammad Baqer Mollah , Honggang Wang , Mohammad Ataul Karim , Hua Fang

Beam search is widely used for approximate decoding in structured prediction problems. Models often use a beam at test time but ignore its existence at train time, and therefore do not explicitly learn how to use the beam. We develop an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-26 Renato Negrinho , Matthew R. Gormley , Geoffrey J. Gordon

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications incur a high beam alignment cost in mobile scenarios such as vehicular networks. Therefore, an efficient beam alignment mechanism is required to mitigate the resulting overhead. In this paper, a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-01-30 Nicolo Michelusi , Muddassar Hussain

The problem of beam alignment (BA) in a cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) system operating at millimeter wave (mmWaves) carrier frequencies is considered in this paper. Two estimation algorithms are proposed, in…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Stefano Buzzi , Carmen D'Andrea , Maria Fresia , Xiaofeng Wu