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Related papers: First steps towards a formalization of Forcing

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We give a brief survey on the interplay between forcing axioms and various other non-constructive principles widely used in many fields of abstract mathematics, such as the axiom of choice and Baire's category theorem. First of all we…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-12-03 Matteo Viale

We show that Dependent Choice is a sufficient choice principle for developing the basic theory of proper forcing, and for deriving generic absoluteness for the Chang model in the presence of large cardinals, even with respect to…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-22 David Asperó , Asaf Karagila

Forcing axioms are generalizations of Baire category principles that allow one to intersect more dense open sets and to do so in a wider variety of circumstances. In this paper we introduce two new forcing axioms related to posets which…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-02-05 Thomas Gilton

In this paper, we deal with the notions of naturality from category theory and definablity from model theory and their interactions. In this regard, we present three results. First, we show, under some mild conditions, that naturality…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-02 Mohsen Asgharzadeh , Mohammad Golshani , Saharon Shelah

What are the most general principles in set theory relating forceability and truth? As with Solovay's celebrated analysis of provability, both this question and its answer are naturally formulated with modal logic. We aim to do for…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Joel David Hamkins , Benedikt Loewe

This is an introduction to the set-theoretic method of forcing, including its application in proving the independence of the Continuum Hypothesis from the Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms of set theory. I presuppose no particular mathematical…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-12-17 Kenny Easwaran

We analyse the Boolean-valued random forcing $B_{M,\Omega}$ in bounded arithmetics developed in Krajicek (Forcing with random variables and proof complexity, vol. 382, Cambridge University Press, 2011) from the perspective of the forcing in…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Radek Honzik

The modal logic of forcing arises when one considers a model of set theory in the context of all its forcing extensions, interpreting necessity as "in all forcing extensions" and possibility as "in some forcing extension". In this modal…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-07-26 Joel David Hamkins , George Leibman , Benedikt Löwe

We describe a formalization of forcing using Boolean-valued models in the Lean 3 theorem prover, including the fundamental theorem of forcing and a deep embedding of first-order logic with a Boolean-valued soundness theorem. As an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Jesse Michael Han , Floris van Doorn

A logic for specification and verification is derived from the axioms of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The proofs are performed using the proof assistant Isabelle. Isabelle is generic, supporting several different logics. Isabelle has the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Lawrence C. Paulson

We present three natural combinatorial properties for class forcing notions, which imply the forcing theorem to hold. We then show that all known sufficent conditions for the forcing theorem (except for the forcing theorem itself),…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Peter Holy , Regula Krapf , Philipp Schlicht

The foundations of forcing theory are reworked to streamline the presentation and to show how the most basic results are applicable in very general contexts.

Logic · Mathematics 2007-12-13 Peter M. Johnson

A set $G \subseteq \omega$ is $n$-generic for a positive integer $n$ if and only if every $\Sigma^0_n$ formula of $G$ is decided by a finite initial segment of $G$ in the sense of Cohen forcing. It is shown here that every $n$-generic set…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-01-11 Wei Wang

In Mathias forcing, conditions are pairs $(D,S)$ of sets of natural numbers, in which $D$ is finite, $S$ is infinite, and $\max D < \min S$. The Turing degrees and computational characteristics of generics for this forcing in the special…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-07-07 Peter A. Cholak , Damir D. Dzhafarov , Mariya I. Soskova

We prove various iteration theorems for forcing classes related to subproper and subcomplete forcing, introduced by Jensen. In the first part, we use revised countable support iterations, and show that 1) the class of subproper,…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-04-16 Gunter Fuchs , Corey Bacal Switzer

A forcing extension may create new isomorphisms between two models of a first order theory. Certain model theoretic constraints on the theory and other constraints on the forcing can prevent this pathology. A countable first order theory is…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-06 John T. Baldwin , Michael C. Laskowski , Saharon Shelah

We present some results about generics for computable Mathias forcing. The $n$-generics and weak $n$-generics in this setting form a strict hierarchy as in the case of Cohen forcing. We analyze the complexity of the Mathias forcing…

Logic · Mathematics 2012-02-14 Peter A. Cholak , Damir D. Dzhafarov , Jeffry L. Hirst

Forcing was first introduced by Paul J. Cohen in his work on the independence of the Continuum Hypothesis. Other formulations of forcing appeared using Model Theory, Boolean-valued Models, and Topos Theory. There is a folkloric claim that…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Michel Viana Smykalla , Hugo Luiz Mariano

In the Zermelo--Fraenkel set theory with the Axiom of Choice a forcing notion is "$\kappa$-distributive" if and only if it is "$\kappa$-sequential". We show that without the Axiom of Choice this equivalence fails, even if we include a weak…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-12-22 Asaf Karagila , Jonathan Schilhan

I survey an array of topics in set theory in the context of a novel class of forcing notions: subcomplete forcing. Subcompleteness was originally defined by Ronald Jensen. I have attempted to make the subject somewhat more approachable to…

Logic · Mathematics 2017-05-02 Kaethe Minden