Related papers: The Gauss Law: A Tale
We explore a $Z_2$ Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory in one spatial dimension with a coupling $h$, without imposing any Gauss' law constraint. We show that in our model $h=0$ is a free deconfined quantum critical point containing massless…
Gauge symmetries play an essential role in determining the interactions of particle physics. Where do they come from? Might the gauge symmetries of the Standard Model unify in the ultraviolet or might they be emergent in the infrared, below…
A systematic approach to the description of gauge invariant charges is presented and applied to the construction of both the static colour charge configuration in QCD and the monopole solution in pure SU(2). The gauge invariant non-abelian…
Systems of coupled rate equations are ubiquitous in many areas of science, for example in the description of electronic transport through quantum dots and molecules. They can be understood as a continuity equation expressing the…
In nature, active inference agents must learn how observations of the world represent the state of the agent. In engineering, the physics behind sensors is often known reasonably accurately and measurement functions can be incorporated into…
"Physical theories of fundamental significance tend to be gauge theories. These are theories in which the physical system being dealt with is described by more variables than there are physically independent degree of freedom. The…
We introduce a gauge invariant topological definition of monopole charge in pure SU(2) gluodynamics. The non-trivial topology is provided by hedgehog configurations of the non-Abelian field strength tensor on the two-sphere surrounding the…
A finite point process is characterized by the distribution of the number of points (the size) of the process. In some applications, for example, in the context of packet flows in modern communication networks, it is of interest to infer…
We aim to give a pedagogical introduction to those elementary aspects of superconductivity which are not treated in the classic textbooks. In particular, we emphasize that global U(1) phase rotation symmetry, and not gauge symmetry, is…
Gauge theory on the q-deformed two-dimensional Euclidean plane R^2_q is studied using two different approaches. We first formulate the theory using the natural algebraic structures on R^2_q, such as a covariant differential calculus, a…
In hyperbolic reductions of the Einstein equations the evolution of gauge conditions or constraint quantities is controlled by subsidiary systems. We point out a class of non-linearities in these systems which may have the potential of…
Phenomena in gauge theory are often described in the physics literature via a specific choice of gauge. In foundational and philosophical discussions this is often criticized as introducing gauge dependence, and contrasted against (often…
Abelian quiver gauge theories provide nonsupersymmetric candidates for the conformality approach to physics beyond the standard model. Written as ${\cal N}=0$, $U(N)^n$ gauge theories, however, they have mixed $U(1)_p U(1)_q^2$ and $U(1)_p…
We show that standard identities and theorems for lattice models with $U(1)$ symmetry get re-expressed discretely in the tensorial formulation of these models. We explain the geometrical analogy between the continuous lattice equations of…
Gaussian random fields pervade all areas of science. However, it is often the departures from Gaussianity that carry the crucial signature of the nonlinear mechanisms at the heart of diverse phenomena, ranging from structure formation in…
The dynamics of the gauge sector of QCD give rise to nonperturbative phenomena that are crucial for the internal consistency of the theory; most notably, they account for the generation of a gluon mass through the action of the Schwinger…
Gauge-invariant field strengths, defined as parallel transports to infinity of ordinary field strengths, naturally emerge in a few physical phenomena governed by $QCD$. One of them is confinement of colour. Despite the arbitrariness in…
We show that a high frequency standing wave in SU(2) gauge theory is unstable against decay into long wavelength modes. This provides a non-perturbative mechanism for energy transfer from initial high momentum modes to final states with low…
Strongly coupled gauge theories provide an ultra-violet realization of new physics models for physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics arising from composite dynamics. Depending on the gauge group and matter content, they are…
We construct a non-topological string solution for a supersymmetric gauge theory with $SU(2)\times U(1)$ gauge symmetry which is spontaneously broken to $U(1)$ by developing the vacuum expectation value of two doublet Higgses. It is a…