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Is there really much more to say about sparse autoencoders (SAEs)? Autoencoders in general, and SAEs in particular, represent deep architectures that are capable of modeling low-dimensional latent structure in data. Such structure could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yin Lu , Xuening Zhu , Tong He , David Wipf

Convolutional sparse coding (CSC) can learn representative shift-invariant patterns from multiple kinds of data. However, existing CSC methods can only model noises from Gaussian distribution, which is restrictive and unrealistic. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Yaqing Wang , James T. Kwok , Lionel M. Ni

Learning rich data representations from unlabeled data is a key challenge towards applying deep learning algorithms in downstream tasks. Several variants of variational autoencoders (VAEs) have been proposed to learn compact data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Pan Xiao , Peijie Qiu , Sungmin Ha , Abdalla Bani , Shuang Zhou , Aristeidis Sotiras

In this paper we study the sparse coding problem in the context of sparse dictionary learning for image recovery. To this end, we consider and compare several state-of-the-art sparse optimization methods constructed using the shrinkage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Shima Shabani , Mohammadsadegh Khoshghiaferezaee , Michael Breuß

Unsupervised learning can leverage large-scale data sources without the need for annotations. In this context, deep learning-based auto encoders have shown great potential in detecting anomalies in medical images. However, state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-17 David Zimmerer , Simon A. A. Kohl , Jens Petersen , Fabian Isensee , Klaus H. Maier-Hein

In this paper we introduce a recurrent neural network (RNN) based variational autoencoder (VAE) model with a new constrained loss function that can generate more meaningful electroencephalography (EEG) features from raw EEG features to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-05 Gautam Krishna , Co Tran , Mason Carnahan , Ahmed Tewfik

Over the past decade, learning a dictionary from input images for sparse modeling has been one of the topics which receive most research attention in image processing and compressed sensing. Most existing dictionary learning methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-27 Kai Liu , Yongjian Zhao , Hua Wang

Sparsity priors are commonly used in denoising and image reconstruction. For analysis-type priors, a dictionary defines a representation of signals that is likely to be sparse. In most situations, this dictionary is not known, and is to be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-16 Hashem Ghanem , Joseph Salmon , Nicolas Keriven , Samuel Vaiter

In this work, we explore the intersection of sparse coding theory and deep learning to enhance our understanding of feature extraction capabilities in advanced neural network architectures. We begin by introducing a novel class of Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Jianfei Li , Han Feng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

The success of the compressed sensing paradigm has shown that a substantial reduction in sampling and storage complexity can be achieved in certain linear and non-adaptive estimation problems. It is therefore an advisable strategy for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-27 Peter Jung , Philipp Walk

We study how reliably sparse autoencoders (SAEs) support claims about reasoning-related internal features in large language models. We first give a stylized analysis showing that sparsity-regularized decoding can preferentially retain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 George Ma , Zhongyuan Liang , Irene Y. Chen , Somayeh Sojoudi

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) have shown promise in extracting interpretable features from complex neural networks. We present one of the first applications of SAEs to dense text embeddings from large language models, demonstrating their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Charles O'Neill , Christine Ye , Kartheik Iyer , John F. Wu

Audio pretrained models are widely employed to solve various tasks in speech processing, sound event detection, or music information retrieval. However, the representations learned by these models are unclear, and their analysis mainly…

In sparse recovery, the unique sparsest solution to an under-determined system of linear equations is of main interest. This scheme is commonly proposed to be applied to signal acquisition. In most cases, the signals are not sparse…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-16 Henning Zörlein , Faisal Akram , Martin Bossert

Sparse representations using data dictionaries provide an efficient model particularly for signals that do not enjoy alternate analytic sparsifying transformations. However, solving inverse problems with sparsifying dictionaries can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Vishwanath Saragadam , Xin Li , Aswin Sankaranarayanan

We study the challenge of achieving theoretically grounded feature recovery using Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) for the interpretation of Large Language Models. Existing SAE training algorithms often lack rigorous mathematical guarantees and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Siyu Chen , Heejune Sheen , Xuyuan Xiong , Tianhao Wang , Zhuoran Yang

Sparse dictionary coding represents signals as linear combinations of a few dictionary atoms. It has been applied to images, time series, graph signals and multi-way spatio-temporal data by jointly employing temporal and spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Boya Ma , Abram Magner , Maxwell McNeil , Petko Bogdanov

Sparse autoencoders (SAEs) are useful for detecting and steering interpretable features in neural networks, with particular potential for understanding complex multimodal representations. Given their ability to uncover interpretable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Vladimir Zaigrajew , Hubert Baniecki , Przemyslaw Biecek

Unsupervised approaches to large language model (LLM) interpretability, such as sparse autoencoders (SAEs), offer a way to decode LLM activations into interpretable and, ideally, controllable concepts. On the one hand, these approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shruti Joshi , Andrea Dittadi , Sébastien Lachapelle , Dhanya Sridhar

We frame the task of predicting a semantic labeling as a sparse reconstruction procedure that applies a target-specific learned transfer function to a generic deep sparse code representation of an image. This strategy partitions training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Michael Maire , Stella X. Yu , Pietro Perona
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