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The existence of fractional charges carrying the current is experimentally demonstrated. Using a 2-D electron system in high magnetic field, we measure the shot noise associated with tunneling in the fractional quantum Hall regime at Landau…
In both rural and urban educational settings, science education is often hindered by limited access to lab resources and intimidating, complex instruments. This paper introduces a low-cost, homemade experimental apparatus built using a…
We are doubtlessly familiar with some edition of Jackson's tome on electrodynamics, and Schwinger's calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron in QED. From the perspective of strong interactions, however, electromagnetic…
The charge radius is one of the most basic characteristics of the nucleons. The proton charge radius is especially of great importance for many applications such as the structure studies of the atomic nuclei, the determination of the…
A theory of electron counting statistics in quantum transport is presented. It involves an idealized scheme of current measurement using a spin 1/2 coupled to the current so that it precesses at the rate proportional to the current. Within…
Measurements of energy separations in highly charged ions can in many cases nowadays be performed with very high accuracy, an accuracy that sometimes cannot be matched by the corresponding theoretical calcula- tions. Furthermore, it has…
We observe individual tunnel events of a single electron between a quantum dot and a reservoir, using a nearby quantum point contact (QPC) as a charge meter. The QPC is capacitively coupled to the dot, and the QPC conductance changes by…
The experiment of a single contact between two sub-centimeter high-speed particles is often difficult to execute, especially if the collision must be physically and electrically isolated, as is the case for triboelectrification studies.…
We study the real-time emission of single electrons from a quantum dot coupled to a one dimensional conductor, using exact diagonalization on a discrete tight-binding chain. We show that from the calculation of the time-evolution of the one…
We investigated the possibility of using a layer of quantum dots (QDs) deposited on the microparticle surface for the measurement of the charge the microparticle acquires when immersed into a plasma. To that end, we performed the…
We investigate the tunnel rates and energies of excited states of small numbers of electrons in a quantum dot fabricated in a Si/SiGe heterostructure. Tunnel rates for loading and unloading electrons are found to be strongly energy…
Quasi-particle interference (QPI) measurements have provided a powerful tool for determining the momentum dependence of the gap of unconventional superconductors. Here we examine the possibility of using such measurements to probe the…
From a distance, the proton's weak charge is seen through the distorting effects of clouds of virtual particles. The effective weak charge can be calculated by starting with the measured weak coupling at the Z-pole and "running" the…
The purpose of this project is to investigate the use of charge couple devices (CCDs) to detect electrons directly. This can be done in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for electrons over 100 KeV, but for space plasma instruments,…
By combining the constraints of charge symmetry with new chiral extrapolation techniques and recent low-mass quenched lattice QCD simulations of the individual quark contributions to the electric charge radii of the baryon octet, we obtain…
We describe a simple method for certifying that an experimental device prepares a desired quantum state rho. Our method is applicable to any pure state rho, and it provides an estimate of the fidelity between rho and the actual (arbitrary)…
We develop in detail a model of the charge order in NbSe$_2$ deriving from a strong electron-phonon coupling dependent on the ingoing and outgoing electron momenta as well as the electronic orbitals scattered between. Including both…
Although the observation of optical spectra is common practice in physics classes, students are usually limited to a passive, qualitative observation of nice colours. This article discusses a diffraction-based spectrometer that allows…
We consider the loop quantization of Maxwell theory. A quantization of this type leads to a quantum theory in which the fundamental excitations are loop-like rather than particle-like. Each such loop plays the role of a quantized Faraday's…
Common Objects like a comb or a pen get charged when rubbed against something like human hair or garment clothing. Charged objects exhibit noticeable attractive or repulsive force lifting small pieces of paper or pushing/pulling a suspended…