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Users are more aware than ever of the importance of their own data, thanks to reports about security breaches and leaks of private, often sensitive data in recent years. Additionally, the GDPR has been in effect in the European Union for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Tobias Dam , Maximilian Henzl , Lukas Daniel Klausner

As large-scale AI systems proliferate, ensuring compliance with data privacy laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has become critical. This paper introduces Brain Surgery, a transformative methodology for making every…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Michele Laurelli

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union is the most famous recently enacted privacy regulation. Despite of the regulation's legal, political, and technological ramifications, relatively little research has been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-01-30 Kalle Hjerppe , Jukka Ruohonen , Ville Leppänen

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was enforced in 2018. After this enforcement, many fines have already been imposed by national data protection authorities in the European Union (EU). This paper examines the individual GDPR…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Jukka Ruohonen , Kalle Hjerppe

Membership inference attacks aim to infer whether a data record has been used to train a target model by observing its predictions. In sensitive domains such as healthcare, this can constitute a severe privacy violation. In this work we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Tomas Chobola , Dmitrii Usynin , Georgios Kaissis

When building machine learning models using sensitive data, organizations should ensure that the data processed in such systems is adequately protected. For projects involving machine learning on personal data, Article 35 of the GDPR…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Sasi Kumar Murakonda , Reza Shokri

These days, deep learning models have achieved great success in multiple fields, from autonomous driving to medical diagnosis. These models have expanded the abilities of artificial intelligence by offering great solutions to complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Gopichandh Golla

Machine learning and data systems increasingly function as infrastructures of memory: they ingest, store, and operationalize traces of personal, political, and cultural life. Yet contemporary governance demands credible forms of forgetting,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Viktoriia Makovska , George Fletcher , Julia Stoyanovich , Tetiana Zakharchenko

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into force in 2018. After this enforcement, many fines have already been imposed by national data protection authorities in Europe. This paper examines the individual GDPR articles…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Jukka Ruohonen , Kalle Hjerppe

The emergence of big data, AI and machine learning has allowed sellers and online platforms to tailor pricing for customers in real-time. While online algorithmic pricing can increase efficiency, market welfare, and optimize pricing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zihao Li

Machine unlearning, enabling a trained model to forget specific data, is crucial for addressing erroneous data and adhering to privacy regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)'s "right to be forgotten". Despite recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Zihao Zhao , Yuchen Yang , Anjalie Field , Yinzhi Cao

Artificial intelligence systems are prevalent in everyday life, with use cases in retail, manufacturing, health, and many other fields. With the rise in AI adoption, associated risks have been identified, including privacy risks to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Shlomit Shachor , Natalia Razinkov , Abigail Goldsteen

While being deployed in many critical applications as core components, machine learning (ML) models are vulnerable to various security and privacy attacks. One major privacy attack in this domain is membership inference, where an adversary…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Yang Zou , Zhikun Zhang , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

We quantitatively investigate how machine learning models leak information about the individual data records on which they were trained. We focus on the basic membership inference attack: given a data record and black-box access to a model,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Reza Shokri , Marco Stronati , Congzheng Song , Vitaly Shmatikov

Machine learning models are prone to memorizing sensitive data, making them vulnerable to membership inference attacks in which an adversary aims to guess if an input sample was used to train the model. In this paper, we show that prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Liwei Song , Prateek Mittal

Big data has become a great asset for many organizations, promising improved operations and new business opportunities. However, big data has increased access to sensitive information that when processed can directly jeopardize the privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Nils Gruschka , Vasileios Mavroeidis , Kamer Vishi , Meiko Jensen

Machine learning (ML) will likely play a large role in many processes in the future, also for insurance companies. However, ML models are at risk of being attacked and manipulated. In this work, the robustness of Gradient Boosted Decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Robin Kühlem , Daniel Otten , Daniel Ludwig , Anselm Hudde , Alexander Rosenbaum , Andreas Mauthe

Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning as a service have become the status quo for many industries, leading to the widespread deployment of models that handle sensitive data. Well-performing models, the industry seeks,…

Deep learning models are nowadays broadly deployed to solve an incredibly large variety of tasks. However, little attention has been devoted to connected legal aspects. In 2016, the European Union approved the General Data Protection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Enzo Tartaglione , Francesca Gennari , Marco Grangetto

The new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will take effect in May 2018, and hence, designing compliant data protection policies and system architectures became crucial for organizations to avoid penalties. Unfortunately, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Vinh Thong Ta