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Can any element in a sufficiently large finite field be represented as a sum of two $d$th powers in the field? In this article, we recount some of the history of this problem, touching on cyclotomy, Fermat's last theorem, and diagonal…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-17 Vitaly Bergelson , Andrew Best , Alex Iosevich

We provide physics-inspired derivations of a number of algorithms for computing the permanent of a matrix. In particular we formulate the computation of the permanent as a Grassmann integral that may be viewed as an interacting many-fermion…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-06-22 Johan Nilsson

Arnold, Falk, & Winther, in "Finite element exterior calculus, homological techniques, and applications" (2006), show how to geometrically decompose the full and trimmed polynomial spaces on simplicial elements into direct sums of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-02-17 Toby Isaac

In 1934 N. N. Luzin proved in his short (but dense) paper \textit{Sur la decomposition des ensembles} that every set $X\subseteq \mathbb{R}$ can be decomposed into two full, with respect to Lebesgue measure or category, subsets. We will try…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Marcin Michalski

We identify a number of decidable and undecidable fragments of first-order concatenation theory. We also give a purely universal axiomatization which is complete for the fragments we identify. Furthermore, we prove some normal-form results.

Logic · Mathematics 2018-04-18 Lars Kristiansen , Juvenal Murwanashyaka

We propose a systematic method for analyzing Rohrlich-type divisor sums for arbitrary congruence subgroups $\Gamma_0(N)$. Our main theorem unifies various results from the literature, and its significance is illustrated through the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-17 Daeyeol Jeon , Soon-Yi Kang , Chang Heon Kim , Toshiki Matsusaka

We present a model of coupling between a point wise particle and a compressible inviscid fluid following the Euler equations. The interaction between the fluid and the particle is achieved through a drag force. It writes as the product of a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-03-16 Nina Aguillon

We show how our recent results on compositions of d.c. functions (and mappings) imply positive results on extensions of d.c. functions (and mappings). Examples answering two natural relevant questions are presented. Two further theorems,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2008-10-09 Libor Vesely , Ludek Zajicek

This work completes a serie of two papers devoted to the extension of the fundamental laws of electrodynamics in the context of Fock's nonlinear relativity (FNLR). Indeed, after having established in the previous study the exact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-01 N. Takka

In the paper (Goloveshkin and Myagkov 2014) we proposed a two-dimensional energy-based model of fragmentation of rapidly expanding cylinder under plane strain conditions. The model allowed one to estimate the average fragment length and the…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 V. A. Goloveshkin , N. N. Myagkov

In this paper we prove that any degree $d$ deformation of a generic logarithmic polynomial differential equation with a persistent center must be logarithmic again. This is a generalization of Ilyashenko's result on Hamiltonian differential…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Hossein Movasati

We present a consistent extended-object approach for determining the self force acting on an accelerating charged particle. In this approach one considers an extended charged object of finite size $\epsilon $, and calculates the overall…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Amos Ori , Eran Rosenthal

The Galerkin difference (GD) basis is a set of continuous, piecewise polynomials defined using a finite difference like grid of degrees of freedom. The one dimensional GD basis functions are naturally extended to multiple dimensions using…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-03 Jeremy E. Kozdon , Lucas C. Wilcox , Thomas Hagstrom , Jeffrey W. Banks

Consider a_1,a_2,...,a_n, arbitrary elements of R. We characterize those real functions f that decompose into the sum of a_j-periodic functions, i.e., f=f_1+...+f_n with D_{a_j}f(x):=f(x+a_j)-f(x)=0. We show that f has such a decomposition…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-25 Bálint Farkas , Viktor Harangi , Tamás Keleti , Szilárd Gy. Révész

A function group is a finitely generated Kleinian group with an invariant connected component of its region of discontinuity. An extended function group is a finitely generated extended Kleinian group that contains orientation reversing…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2021-07-08 Ruben A. Hidalgo

The discontinuity of the vorticity is written as a function of the vector T grad s, (where T is the temperature and s the specific entropy). The expression is obtained thanks to potential equations and independently of the mass conservation…

Classical Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Henri Gouin

In the presence of an inhomogeneous oscillatory electric field, charged particles experience a net force, averaged over the oscillatory timescale, known as the ponderomotive force. We derive a one-dimensional Hamiltonian model which…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-12-25 William Barham , Yaman Güçlü , Philip J. Morrison , Eric Sonnendrücker

We consider an inverse variational problem for the lines of constant curvature in (pseudo-)Euclidean two-, three-, and four-dimensional spaces. The accumulated results are physically meaningful in the case of relativistic mechanics of…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-02-17 R. Ya. Matsyuk

A class of stochastic processes, called "weak Dirichlet processes", is introduced and its properties are investigated in detail. This class is much larger than the class of Dirichlet processes. It is closed under C^1$-transformations and…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Francois Coquet , Adam Jakubowski , Jean Memin , Leszek Slominski

Through a brute-force approach to calculating the higher derivatives of the falling factorial function, a number of interesting quantities were obtained and analyzed. In particular, it was found that a quantity that can be described as the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-14 Steven S. Poon