English
Related papers

Related papers: Learning Product Codebooks using Vector Quantized …

200 papers

Vector Quantized Variational Autoencoders (VQ-VAEs) are fundamental models that compress continuous visual data into discrete tokens. Existing methods have tried to improve the quantization strategy for better reconstruction quality,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Mingkai Jia , Wei Yin , Xiaotao Hu , Jiaxin Guo , Xiaoyang Guo , Qian Zhang , Xiao-Xiao Long , Ping Tan

Existing vector quantization (VQ) based autoregressive models follow a two-stage generation paradigm that first learns a codebook to encode images as discrete codes, and then completes generation based on the learned codebook. However, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Mengqi Huang , Zhendong Mao , Zhuowei Chen , Yongdong Zhang

Graph self-supervised learning has gained significant attention recently. However, many existing approaches heavily depend on perturbations, and inappropriate perturbations may corrupt the graph's inherent information. The Vector Quantized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Long Zeng , Jianxiang Yu , Jiapeng Zhu , Qingsong Zhong , Xiang Li

Vector Quantisation (VQ) is experiencing a comeback in machine learning, where it is increasingly used in representation learning. However, optimizing the codevectors in existing VQ-VAE is not entirely trivial. A problem is codebook…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Chuanxia Zheng , Andrea Vedaldi

We propose a quantum implicit neural representation (QINR)-based autoencoder (AE) and variational autoencoder (VAE) for image reconstruction and generation tasks. Our purpose is to demonstrate that the QINR in VAEs and AEs can transform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Saadet Müzehher Eren

Product Quantization (PQ) has long been a mainstream for generating an exponentially large codebook at very low memory/time cost. Despite its success, PQ is still tricky for the decomposition of high-dimensional vector space, and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Lianli Gao , Xiaosu Zhu , Jingkuan Song , Zhou Zhao , Heng Tao Shen

This paper describes an entropy regularization term for vector quantization (VQ) based on the analysis of persistent homology of the VQ embeddings. Higher embedding entropy positively correlates with higher codebook utilization, mitigating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Ivan Volkov

VQ-VAE, as a mainstream approach of speech tokenizer, has been troubled by ``index collapse'', where only a small number of codewords are activated in large codebooks. This work proposes product-quantized (PQ) VAE with more codebooks but…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Dongchao Yang , Hui Lu , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

The increasing efficiency and compactness of deep learning architectures, together with hardware improvements, have enabled the complex and high-dimensional modelling of medical volumetric data at higher resolutions. Recently,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-14 Petru-Daniel Tudosiu , Thomas Varsavsky , Richard Shaw , Mark Graham , Parashkev Nachev , Sebastien Ourselin , Carole H. Sudre , M. Jorge Cardoso

Vector-quantized autoencoders deliver high-fidelity latents but suffer inherent flaws: the quantizer is non-differentiable, requires straight-through hacks, and is prone to collapse. We address these issues at the root by replacing VQ with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hao Lu , Onur C. Koyun , Yongxin Guo , Zhengjie Zhu , Abbas Alili , Metin Nafi Gurcan

Vector quantization approaches (VQ-VAE, VQ-GAN) learn discrete neural representations of images, but these representations are inherently position-dependent: codes are spatially arranged and contextually entangled, requiring autoregressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jamie S. J. Stirling , Noura Al-Moubayed , Hubert P. H. Shum

Using a discriminative representation obtained by supervised deep learning methods showed promising results on diverse Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) problems. However, existing methods exploiting labels during training try to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Mehdi Rafiei , Alexandros Iosifidis

In recent years, the task of video prediction-forecasting future video given past video frames-has attracted attention in the research community. In this paper we propose a novel approach to this problem with Vector Quantized Variational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Jacob Walker , Ali Razavi , Aäron van den Oord

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a method for discretizing latent representations and has become a major part of the deep learning toolkit. It has been theoretically and empirically shown that discretization of representations leads to improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Dianbo Liu , Alex Lamb , Xu Ji , Pascal Notsawo , Mike Mozer , Yoshua Bengio , Kenji Kawaguchi

The dimensionality of the embedding and the number of available embeddings ( also called codebook size) are critical factors influencing the performance of Vector Quantization(VQ), a discretization process used in many models such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Hang Chen , Sankepally Sainath Reddy , Ziwei Chen , Dianbo Liu

Vector-quantized variational autoencoders (VQ-VAEs) are central to models that rely on high reconstruction fidelity, from neural compression to generative pipelines. Hierarchical extensions, such as VQ-VAE2, are often credited with superior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Shirin Reyhanian , Laurenz Wiskott

The choice of an appropriate bottleneck dimension and the application of effective regularization are both essential for Autoencoders to learn meaningful representations from unlabeled data. In this paper, we introduce a new class of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Jad Mounayer , Sebastian Rodriguez , Chady Ghnatios , Charbel Farhat , Francisco Chinesta

Latent generative models have emerged as a leading approach for high-quality image synthesis. These models rely on an autoencoder to compress images into a latent space, followed by a generative model to learn the latent distribution. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Theodoros Kouzelis , Ioannis Kakogeorgiou , Spyros Gidaris , Nikos Komodakis

Variational autoencoder (VAE) is a deep generative model for unsupervised learning, allowing to encode observations into the meaningful latent space. VAE is prone to catastrophic forgetting when tasks arrive sequentially, and only the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Anna Kuzina , Evgenii Egorov , Evgeny Burnaev

Vector Quantized Variational AutoEncoders (VQ-VAE) are a powerful representation learning framework that can discover discrete groups of features from a speech signal without supervision. Until now, the VQ-VAE architecture has previously…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Yi Zhao , Haoyu Li , Cheng-I Lai , Jennifer Williams , Erica Cooper , Junichi Yamagishi