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The Blandford-Znajek process, one of the most promising model for powering the relativistic jets from black holes, was initially introduced as a mechanism in which the magnetic fields extract energy from a rotating black hole. We study the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-07-12 Milton Ruiz , Carlos Palenzuela , Filippo Galeazzi , Carles Bona

Numerical simulations of Blandford-Znajek energy extraction at high spin have revealed that field lines tend to bunch near the poles of the event horizon. We show that this behavior can be derived analytically from the assumption of fixed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-09-15 Samuel E. Gralla , Alexandru Lupsasca , Maria J. Rodriguez

Numerous variations have been proposed on the original suggestion by Blandford and Znajek that magnetic fields could be used to extract rotational energy from black holes. A new categorization of these variations is proposed so that they…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Julian H. Krolik

We discuss one of the possible origins of large-scale magnetic fields based on a continuous distribution of toroidal electric current flowing in the inner region of the disc around a Kerr black hole (BH) in the framework of general…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-13 Cheng-Xuan Zhao , Ding-Xiong Wang , Zhao-Ming Gan

The expulsion of axisymmetric magnetic field from the event horizons of rapidly rotating black holes has been seen as an astrophysically important effect that may significantly reduce or even nullify the efficiency of the Blandford-Znajek…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 S. S. Komissarov , J. C. McKinney

The power of jets from black holes are expected to depend on both the spin of the black hole and the structure of the accretion disk in the region of the last stable orbit. We investigate these dependencies using two different physical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Rodrigo S. Nemmen , Richard G. Bower , Arif Babul , Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann

The launching of astrophysical jets provides the most compelling observational evidence for direct extraction of black hole (BH) spin energy via the Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism. Whilst it is known that spinning Kerr BHs within general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-08 Koushik Chatterjee , Ziri Younsi , Prashant Kocherlakota , Ramesh Narayan

Black hole - accretion disc systems are the central engines of relativistic jets from stellar to galactic scales. We numerically quantify the unsteady outgoing Poynting flux through the horizon of a rapidly spinning black hole endowed with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-15 J. F. Mahlmann , A. Levinson , M. A. Aloy

A rotating black hole probably powers ultrarelativistic jets in gamma-ray bursts, relativistic jets from some active galactic nuclei, and jets from some black hole x-ray binaries. Prior estimates of the power output of a black hole have…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Jonathan C. McKinney

The Blandford-Znajek monopole is a conjectured solution of force-free electrodynamics in the vicinity of a slowly rotating Kerr black hole, supposedly defined as a perturbation in small angular momentum. It is used to argue for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-07 Gianluca Grignani , Troels Harmark , Marta Orselli

The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) process is a pivotal mechanism to efficiently extract the energy from a rotating black hole (BH) via its plasma-filled magnetosphere in relativistic astrophysics. Within the framework of extended BZ monopole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-22 Ruixin Yang , Songbai Chen , Jiliang Jing

The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism in stellar-mass black hole (BH) hyperaccretion systems is generally considered to power gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Based on observational GRB data, we use the BZ mechanism driven by the BH hyperaccretion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-07 Xiao-Yan Li , Tong Liu

When magnetic field lines thread a rotating black hole's horizon and connect with remote astrophysical loads, the rotational energy of the black hole can be extracted through the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. Due to the rotation of the black…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Li-Xin Li

Magnetic fields connecting the immediate environs of rotating black holes to large distances appear to be the most promising mechanism for launching relativistic jets, an idea first developed by Blandford and Znajek in the mid-1970s. To…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 J. H. Krolik , J. Hawley

Evolution characteristics of a Kerr black hole (BH) are investigated by considering coexistence of disc accretion with the Blandford-Znajek process (the BZ process). (i) The rate of extracting energy from the rotating BH in the BZ process…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. X. Wang , K. Xiao , W. H. Lei

We present 3D general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic(GRMHD) simulations of zero angular momentum accretion around a rapidly rotating black hole, modified by the presence of initially uniform magnetic fields. We consider serveral angles…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-02-17 Sean M. Ressler , Eliot Quataert , Christopher J. White , Omer Blaes

The Blandford-Znajek theory (1977) is generally studied to understand the generation of powerful relativistic jets. However, it could also give important insights about the feedback between a rotating black hole, its ergosphere, and a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-01-18 Luigi Foschini

Collapse of massive stars may result in formation of accreting black holes in their interior. The accreting stellar matter may advect substantial magnetic flux onto the black hole and promote release of its rotational energy via magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-13 S. S. Komissarov , M. V. Barkov

Rotating black holes with strong magnetic fields lead to an outward energy flux in the form of jets governed by the Blandford-Znajek mechanism. These jets depend on factors such as accretion rate, magnetic flux and the spin of the black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-12 Ishan Swamy , Deobrat Singh

The Blandford-Znajek process, which uses a magnetized plasma to extract energy from a rotating black hole, is one of the leading candidates for powering relativistic jets. In this work, we investigate the Blandford-Znajek process in two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-07 Jameson Dong , Nicolás Patiño , Yiqi Xie , Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño , Charles F. Gammie , Nicolás Yunes