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The question of how best to estimate a continuous probability density from finite data is an intriguing open problem at the interface of statistics and physics. Previous work has argued that this problem can be addressed in a natural way…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2014-07-16 Justin B. Kinney

In classical density (or density-functional) estimation, it is standard to assume that the underlying distribution has a density with respect to the Lebesgue measure. However, when the data distribution is a mixture of continuous and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-05 Aytijhya Saha , Aaditya Ramdas

The main goal of this note is to prove the following theorem. If $A_n$ is a sequence of measurable sets in a $\sigma$-finite measure space $(X, \mathcal{A}, \mu)$ that covers $\mu$-a.e. $x \in X$ infinitely many times, then there exists a…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-09-23 Márton Elekes

Cobham's theorem asserts that if a sequence is automatic with respect to two multiplicatively independent bases, then it is ultimately periodic. We prove a stronger density version of the result: if two sequences which are automatic with…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-02 Jakub Byszewski , Jakub Konieczny

Decision theory does not traditionally include uncertainty over utility functions. We argue that the a person's utility value for a given outcome can be treated as we treat other domain attributes: as a random variable with a density…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Urszula Chajewska , Daphne Koller

One key issue in several astrophysical problems is the evaluation of the density probability function underlying an observational discrete data set. We here review two non-parametric density estimators which recently appeared in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Dario Fadda , Eric Slezak , Albert Bijaoui

We consider a new method for estimating the parameters of univariate Gaussian mixture models. The method relies on a nonparametric density estimator $\hat{f}_n$ (typically a kernel estimator). For every set of Gaussian mixture components,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Jüri Lember , Raul Kangro , Kristi Kuljus

In analogy with the 290-Theorem of Bhargava-Hanke, a criterion set is a finite subset $C$ of the totally positive integers in a given totally real number field such that if a quadratic form represents all elements of $C$, then it…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Vitezslav Kala , Jakub Krásenský , Giuliano Romeo

The aim of this paper is to extend the concept of measure density introduced by Buck for finite unions of arithmetic progressions, to arbitrary subsets of N defined by a given system of decompositions. This leads to a variety of new…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2015-04-10 Maria Rita Iacò , Milan Paštéka , Robert F. Tichy

We revisit the long-standing question of the relation between image appreciation and its statistical properties. We generate two different sets of random images well distributed along three measures of entropic complexity. We run a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-01 Samy Lakhal , Alexandre Darmon , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud , Michael Benzaquen

In the recent paper [17] the first experimental determination of the density matrix of a free electron beam has been reported. The employed method leads to a linear inverse problem with a positive semidefinite operator as unknown. The…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Cong Shi , Claus Ropers , Thorsten Hohage

We find the microscopic spectral densities and the spectral correlators associated with multicritical behavior for both hermitian and complex matrix ensembles, and show their universality. We conjecture that microscopic spectral densities…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 G. Akemann , P. H. Damgaard , U. Magnea , S. M. Nishigaki

The local to global principle for densities is a very convenient tool proposed by Poonen and Stoll to compute the density of a given subset of the integers. In this paper we provide an effective criterion to find all higher moments of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-12 Giacomo Micheli , Severin Schraven , Simran Tinani , Violetta Weger

We study here a sequence of secondary measures, so called because the set of secondary polynomials on a given term become orthogonal for the next measure. The main result is a formula making explicit the density of any term of the sequence,…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2011-04-26 Roland Groux

Let $A$ be a finite, abelian group. We show that the density of $A$-extensions satisfying the Hasse norm principle exists, when the extensions are ordered by discriminant. This strengthens earlier work of Frei--Loughran--Newton \cite{FLN},…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-14 Peter Koymans , Nick Rome

Let $A$ be the product of an abelian variety and a torus defined over a number field $K$. Fix some prime number $\ell$. If $\alpha \in A(K)$ is a point of infinite order, we consider the set of primes $\mathfrak p$ of $K$ such that the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Davide Lombardo , Antonella Perucca

We derive and analyze a generic, recursive algorithm for estimating all splits in a finite cluster tree as well as the corresponding clusters. We further investigate statistical properties of this generic clustering algorithm when it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-02 Ingo Steinwart , Bharath K. Sriperumbudur , Philipp Thomann

In this paper we develop a method to transfer density results for primitive automatic sequences to logarithmic-density results for general automatic sequences. As an application we show that the logarithmic densities of any automatic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-14 Boris Adamczewski , Michael Drmota , Clemens Müllner

We introduce a "hyperbicycle" ansatz for quantum codes which gives the hypergraph-product (generalized toric) codes by Tillich and Z\'emor and generalized bicycle codes by MacKay et al. as limiting cases. The construction allows for both…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-12 Alexey A. Kovalev , Leonid P. Pryadko

Consider a positive Borel measure on a locally compact group. We define a notion of uniform density for such a measure, which is based on a group invariant introduced by Leptin in 1966. We then restrict to unimodular amenable groups and to…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-05 Felix Pogorzelski , Christoph Richard , Nicolae Strungaru
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