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Random numbers are required for a variety of applications from secure communications to Monte-Carlo simulation. Yet randomness is an asymptotic property and no output string generated by a physical device can be strictly proven to be…
Quantum random number generator harnesses the power of quantum mechanics to generate true random numbers, making it valuable for various scientific applications. However, real-world devices often suffer from imperfections that can undermine…
Quantum random number generators can provide genuine randomness by appealing to the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. In general, a physical generator contains two parts---a randomness source and its readout. The source is…
The randomness from a quantum random number generator (QRNG) relies on the accurate characterization of its devices. However, device imperfections and inaccurate characterizations can result in wrong entropy estimation and bias in practice,…
Random numbers are essential for applications ranging from secure communications to numerical simulation and quantitative finance. Algorithms can rapidly produce pseudo-random outcomes, series of numbers that mimic most properties of true…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness quantum mechanical unpredictability to produce true randomness, which is crucial for cryptography and secure communications. Among various QRNGs, source-independent QRNGs (SI-QRNGs) relax the…
In this paper we propose a quantum random number generator (QRNG) which utilizes an entangled photon pair in a Bell singlet state, and is certified explicitly by value indefiniteness. While "true randomness" is a mathematical impossibility,…
How much cryptographically-secure randomness can be extracted from a quantum state? This fundamental question probes the absolute limits of quantum random number generation (QRNG) and yet, despite the technological maturity of QRNGs, it…
Quantum random number generation (QRNG) relies on the inherent unpredictability of quantum mechanical phenomena to efficiently generate high-quality random numbers that can be used in a wide range of cryptography and simulation…
Quantum random number generator (QRNG) can produce true randomness by utilizing the inherent probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. Recently, the spontaneous-emission quantum phase noise of the laser has been widely deployed for QRNG,…
Our ability to trust that a random number is truly random is essential for fields as diverse as cryptography and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics. Existing solutions both come with drawbacks -- device-independent quantum random number…
Ideal quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can produce algorithmically random and thus incomputable sequences, in contrast to pseudo-random number generators. However, the verification of the presence of algorithmic randomness and…
Quantum Random Number Generators provide true physical randomness based on quantum processes, essential for cryptographic and scientific applications. However, practical implementations face challenges in robustness and verifiability:…
We present a high-speed continuous-variable quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on heterodyne detection of vacuum fluctuations. The scheme follows a source-device-independent (SDI) security model in which the entropy originates…
Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) serve as high-entropy sources for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems. However, the raw data from these quantum sources require post-processing to achieve a nearly uniform distribution. This work…
Random Number Generators are critical components of modern cryptosystems. Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNG) have emerged to provide high-quality randomness for these applications. Here we describe a scheme to extract random numbers…
Quantum randomness relies heavily on the accurate characterization of the generator implementation, where the device imperfection or inaccurate characterization can lead to incorrect entropy estimation and practical bias, significantly…
This work presents two significant contributions from the perspectives of quantum random number generator (QRNG) manufacturers and users. For manufacturers, the conventional method of assessing the quantumness of single-photon-based QRNGs…
Certifying random number generators is challenging, especially in security-critical fields like cryptography. Here, we demonstrate a measurement-device-independent quantum random number generator (MDI-QRNG) using high-dimensional photonic…
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness the inherent unpredictability of quantum mechanics to produce true randomness. Yet, in many optical implementations, the light source remains a potential vulnerability - susceptible to…