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Restricting a linear system for the KP hierarchy to those independent variables t\_n with odd n, its compatibility (Zakharov-Shabat conditions) leads to the "odd KP hierarchy". The latter consists of pairs of equations for two dependent…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2009-11-13 Aristophanes Dimakis , Folkert Muller-Hoissen

MacMahon's classic generating function of random plane partitions, which is related to Schur polynomials, was recently extended by Vuletic to a generating function of weighted plane partitions that is related to Hall-Littlewood polynomials,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-03-26 O Foda , M Wheeler

In this paper, we construct the bilinear identities for the wave functions of an extended B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (BKP) hierarchy, which contains two types of (2+1)-dimensional Sawada-Kotera equation with a self-consistent source…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2016-05-04 Runliang Lin , Tiancheng Cao , Xiaojun Liu , Yunbo Zeng

The partition function for quantum weighted double Hurwitz numbers can be interpreted in terms of the energy distribution of a quantum Bose gas with vanishing fugacity. We compute the leading term of the partition function and the quantum…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-07-21 J. Harnad , Janosch Ortmann

The classical Hurwitz numbers of degree n together with the Hurwitz numbers of the seamed surfaces of degree n give rise to the Klein topological field theory. We extend this construction to the Hurwitz numbers of all degrees at once. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-08-12 A. Mironov , A. Morozov , S. Natanzon

The Hurwitz problem of composition of quadratic forms, or of "sum of squares identity" is tackled with the help of a particular class of $(\mathbb{Z}_2)^n$-graded non-associative algebras generalizing the octonions. This method provides an…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2011-03-15 Anna Lenzhen , Sophie Morier-Genoud , Valentin Ovsienko

I present a generalization of our joint works with John Harnad (2021) that relates Schur functions, KP tau functions and KP correlation functions to Schur's $Q$-functions, BKP tau functions and BKP correlation functions, respectively.

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-11-01 Aleksandr Yu. Orlov

We define cut-and-join operator in Hurwitz theory for merging of two branching points of arbitrary type. These operators have two alternative descriptions:(i) they have the GL characters as eigenfunctions and the symmetric-group characters…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-02-15 A. Mironov , A. Morozov , S. Natanzon

Using a Jacobi-Trudi-type identity, we show that the scalar product of a general state and a Bethe eigenstate in a finite-length XXZ spin-1/2 chain is (a restriction of) a KP tau function. This leads to a correspondence between the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-07-18 O Foda , M Wheeler , M Zuparic

In this paper, we aim to provide an accessible survey to various formulae for calculating single Hurwitz numbers. Single Hurwitz numbers count certain classes of meromorphic functions on complex algebraic curves and have a rich geometric…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-02-25 Jared Ongaro

Following Zhou's framework, we consider the emergent geometry of the generalized Br\'ezin-Gross-Witten models whose partition functions are known to be a family of tau-functions of the BKP hierarchy. More precisely, we construct a spectral…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-01-16 Zhiyuan Wang , Chenglang Yang , Qingsheng Zhang

We investigate the combinatorics of real double Hurwitz numbers with real positive branch points using the symmetric group. Our main focus is twofold. First, we prove correspondence theorems relating these numbers to counts of tropical real…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2019-10-14 Mathieu Guay-Paquet , Hannah Markwig , Johannes Rau

We study non-associative twisted group algebras over $(\Z_2)^n$ with cubic twisting functions. We construct a series of algebras that extend the classical algebra of octonions in the same way as the Clifford algebras extend the algebra of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2015-05-18 Sophie Morier-Genoud , Valentin Ovsienko

We construct quasi-periodic solutions of the universal hierarchy which includes the multi-component KP and Toda hierarchies and show how they fit into the bilinear formalism. The tau-function is expressed in terms of the Riemann…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2023-08-24 I. Krichever , A. Zabrodin

We analyze a new family of weighted double Hurwitz numbers that was introduced as a notable example in the context of the $x-y$ duality for logarithmic topological recursion. We use this family to systematically demonstrate, refine and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Alexander Alexandrov , Boris Bychkov , Petr Dunin-Barkowski , Maxim Kazarian , Sergey Shadrin

In the genus expansion of the HOMFLY polynomials their representation dependence is naturally captured by symmetric group characters. This immediately implies that the Ooguri-Vafa partition function (OVPF) is a Hurwitz tau-function. In the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-14 A. Mironov , A. Morozov , A. Sleptsov

We show the integrality of the simple Hurwitz numbers. The main tool is the cut-and-join operator, and our proof is a purely combinatorial one.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-18 Shintarou Yanagida

We study the Hurwitz-type analogue of Schur multiple zeta-functions involving shifting parameters. We extend various formulas, known for ordinary Schur multiple zeta-functions, to the case of Hurwitz type. We also mention unpublished…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-27 Kohji Matsumoto , Maki Nakasuji

The CKP tau function has been an important topic in mathematical physics. In this paper, the inverse of vacuum expectation value of exponential of certain bosonic fields, is showed to be the CKP tau function given by Chang and Wu, in the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2024-04-16 Shen Wang , Wenchuang Guan , Jipeng Cheng

We give new integral and series representations of the Hurwitz zeta function. We also provide a closed-form expression of the coefficients of the Laurent expansion of the Hurwitz-zeta function about any point in the complex plane.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-05-04 Lazhar Fekih-Ahmed