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In this paper, we construct the quantum Torus symmetry of the KP hierarchy and further derive the quantum torus constraint on the tau function of the KP hierarchy. That means we give a nice representation of the quantum Torus Lie algebra in…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-08-19 Chuanzhong Li , Jingsong He

There is now a renewed interest to the Hurwitz tau-function, counting the isomorphism classes of Belyi pairs, arising in the study of equilateral triangulations and Grothiendicks's dessins d'enfant. It is distinguished by belonging to a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-25 A. Alexandrov , A. Mironov , A. Morozov , S. Natanzon

We extend the old formalism of cut-and-join operators in the theory of Hurwitz $\tau$-functions to description of a wide family of KP-integrable {\it skew} Hurwitz $\tau$-functions, which include, in particular, the newly discovered…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-03 A. Mironov , V. Mishnyakov , A. Morozov , A. Popolitov , Wei-Zhong Zhao

We find the Hecke-Rogers type series representations of generating functions of the Hurwitz class numbers which is very close to certain mock theta functions. We also prove two combinatorial interpretation of Hurwitz class numbers appeared…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-23 Dandan Chen , Rong Chen

Double Hurwitz numbers enumerating weighted $n$-sheeted branched coverings of the Riemann sphere or, equivalently, weighted paths in the Cayley graph of $S_n$ generated by transpositions are determined by an associated weight generating…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-06-26 Mathieu Guay-Paquet , J. Harnad

A fermionic representation is given for all the quantities entering in the generating function approach to weighted Hurwitz numbers and topological recursion. This includes: KP and 2D Toda $\tau$-functions of hypergeometric type, which…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 A. Alexandrov , G. Chapuy , B. Eynard , J. Harnad

This work concerns both the semiclassical and zero temperature asymptotics of quantum weighted double Hurwitz numbers. The partition function for quantum weighted double Hurwitz numbers can be interpreted in terms of the energy distri-…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-03-04 J. Harnad , Janosch Ortmann

We continue the investigation of the connection between the genus expansion of matrix models and the $\hbar$ expansion of integrable hierarchies started in arXiv:2008.06416. In this paper, we focus on the $B$KP hierarchy, which corresponds…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-26 Yaroslav Drachov , Aleksandr Zhabin

Multiparametric families of hypergeometric $\tau$-functions of KP or Toda type serve as generating functions for weighted Hurwitz numbers, providing weighted enumerations of branched covers of the Riemann sphere. A graphical interpretation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-07-02 A. Alexandrov , G. Chapuy , B. Eynard , J. Harnad

A generating function of the single Hurwitz numbers of the Riemann sphere $\mathbb{CP}^1$ is a tau function of the lattice KP hierarchy. The associated Lax operator $L$ turns out to be expressed as $L = e^{\mathfrak{L}}$, where…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-09-28 Kanehisa Takasaki

This is an overview of recent results on the use of 2D Toda $\tau$-functions as generating functions for multiparametric families of weighted Hurwitz numbers. The Bose-Fermi equivalence composed with the characteristic map provides an…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-06-26 J. Harnad

The construction of hypergeometric $2D$ Toda $\tau$-functions as generating functions for weighted Hurwitz numbers is extended to multispecies families. Both the enumerative geometrical significance of multispecies weighted Hurwitz numbers,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-06-26 J. Harnad

This paper is concerned with the construction of the polynomial tau-functions of the symplectic KP (SKP), orthogonal KP (OKP) hierarchies and universal character hierarchy of B-type (BUC hierarchy), which are proved as zero modes of certain…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2023-05-17 Denghui Li , Zhaowen Yan

In a previous paper we constructed all polynomial tau-functions of the 1-component KP hierarchy, namely, we showed that any such tau-function is obtained from a Schur polynomial $s_\lambda(t)$ by certain shifts of arguments. In the present…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-12-12 Victor Kac , Johan van de Leur

Double Hurwitz numbers have at least four equivalent definitions. Most naturally, they count covers of the Riemann sphere by genus g curves with certain specified ramification data. This is classically equivalent to counting certain…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-03-08 Paul Johnson

Monotone Hurwitz numbers were introduced by the authors as a combinatorially natural desymmetrization of the Hurwitz numbers studied in enumerative algebraic geometry. Over the course of several papers, we developed the structural theory of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-02 I. P. Goulden , Mathieu Guay-Paquet , Jonathan Novak

Hurwitz numbers count covers of curves satisfying fixed ramification data. Via monodromy representation, this counting problem can be transformed to a problem of counting factorizations in the symmetric group. This and other beautiful…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Marvin Anas Hahn , Hannah Markwig

Double Hurwitz numbers enumerate branched covers of $\mathbb{CP}^1$ with prescribed ramification over two points and simple ramification elsewhere. In contrast to the single case, their underlying geometry is not well understood. In…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-07-07 Gaëtan Borot , Norman Do , Maksim Karev , Danilo Lewański , Ellena Moskovsky

Motivated by results for the HCIZ integral in Part I of this paper, we study the structure of monotone Hurwitz numbers, which are a desymmetrized version of classical Hurwitz numbers. We prove a number of results for monotone Hurwitz…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-07-07 Ian P. Goulden , Mathieu Guay-Paquet , Jonathan Novak

The 2-component BKP (2-BKP) hierarchy is an important integrable system corresponding to the infinite dimensional Lie algebras $b_{\infty}$ and $d_{\infty}$, which contains Novikov-Veselov equation and can be used to describe the total…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2025-11-20 Mengyao Chen , Jipeng Cheng , Jinbiao Wang