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This paper explores the task of Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation (DCQG), which aims at generating questions with required difficulty levels. Previous research on this task mainly defines the difficulty of a question as whether it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Yi Cheng , Siyao Li , Bang Liu , Ruihui Zhao , Sujian Li , Chenghua Lin , Yefeng Zheng

We present $\textbf{$\texttt{SkillQG}$}$: a question generation framework with controllable comprehension types for assessing and improving machine reading comprehension models. Existing question generation systems widely differentiate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Xiaoqiang Wang , Bang Liu , Siliang Tang , Lingfei Wu

Question Generation (QG), the task of automatically generating questions from a source input, has seen significant progress in recent years. Difficulty-controllable QG (DCQG) enables control over the difficulty level of generated questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

Difficulty-controllable question generation for reading comprehension has gained significant attention in the field of education as a fundamental tool for adaptive learning support. Although several neural question generation methods have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuto Tomikawa , Masaki Uto

This paper proposes the problem of Deep Question Generation (DQG), which aims to generate complex questions that require reasoning over multiple pieces of information of the input passage. In order to capture the global structure of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Liangming Pan , Yuxi Xie , Yansong Feng , Tat-Seng Chua , Min-Yen Kan

Question generation (QG) is a natural language generation task where a model is trained to ask questions corresponding to some input text. Most recent approaches frame QG as a sequence-to-sequence problem and rely on additional features and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Luis Enrico Lopez , Diane Kathryn Cruz , Jan Christian Blaise Cruz , Charibeth Cheng

Question Generation (QG) receives increasing research attention in NLP community. One motivation for QG is that QG significantly facilitates the preparation of educational reading practice and assessments. While the significant advancement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ying-Hong Chan , Ho-Lam Chung , Yao-Chung Fan

Multiple-choice cloze questions are commonly used to assess linguistic proficiency and comprehension. However, generating high-quality distractors remains challenging, as existing methods often lack adaptability and control over difficulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Seokhoon Kang , Yejin Jeon , Seonjeong Hwang , Gary Geunbae Lee

Question Generation (QG) is a task within Natural Language Processing (NLP) that involves automatically generating questions given an input, typically composed of a text and a target answer. Recent work on QG aims to control the type of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

Automated question generation is an important approach to enable personalisation of English comprehension assessment. Recently, transformer-based pretrained language models have demonstrated the ability to produce appropriate questions from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Vatsal Raina , Mark Gales

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) benefit substantially from training on challenging competition-level questions. However, existing automated question synthesis methods lack precise difficulty control, incur high computational costs, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhongyuan Peng , Caijun Xu , Changyi Xiao , Shibo Hong , Eli Zhang , Stephen Huang , Yixin Cao

Generating multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with difficulty estimation remains challenging in automated MCQ-generation systems used in adaptive, AI-assisted education. This study proposes a novel methodology for generating MCQs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mehmet Can Şakiroğlu , H. Altay Güvenir , Kamer Kaya

Question Generation (QG) is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) task that aids advances in Question Answering (QA) and conversational assistants. Existing models focus on generating a question based on a text and possibly the answer to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Junmo Kang , Haritz Puerto San Roman , Sung-Hyon Myaeng

Reading is integral to everyday life, and yet learning to read is a struggle for many young learners. During lessons, teachers can use comprehension questions to increase engagement, test reading skills, and improve retention. Historically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Bilal Ghanem , Lauren Lutz Coleman , Julia Rivard Dexter , Spencer McIntosh von der Ohe , Alona Fyshe

The development of Automatic Question Generation (QG) models has the potential to significantly improve educational practices by reducing the teacher workload associated with creating educational content. This paper introduces a novel…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Ziqing Li , Mutlu Cukurova , Sahan Bulathwela

Academic dishonesty is met with zero tolerance in higher education, yet plagiarism has become increasingly prevalent in the era of online teaching and learning. Automatic Question Generation (AQG) presents a potential solution to mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xinyu Wang , Haoming Yu , Yicheng Yang , Zhiyuan Li

Question generation (QG) from a given context can enhance comprehension, engagement, assessment, and overall efficacy in learning or conversational environments. Despite recent advancements in QG, the challenge of enhancing or measuring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Hokeun Yoon , JinYeong Bak

The automatic generation of educational questions will play a key role in scaling online education, enabling self-assessment at scale when a global population is manoeuvring their personalised learning journeys. We develop \textit{EduQG}, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Sahan Bulathwela , Hamze Muse , Emine Yilmaz

This paper investigates a new task named Conversational Question Generation (CQG) which is to generate a question based on a passage and a conversation history (i.e., previous turns of question-answer pairs). CQG is a crucial task for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Boyuan Pan , Hao Li , Ziyu Yao , Deng Cai , Huan Sun

We propose a novel text generation task, namely Curiosity-driven Question Generation. We start from the observation that the Question Generation task has traditionally been considered as the dual problem of Question Answering, hence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Thomas Scialom , Jacopo Staiano
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