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Fast material ejected dynamically over $<10$ ms during the merger of a binary neutron-star (BNS) system can give rise to distinctive electromagnetic counterparts to the system's gravitational-wave emission that can serve as a "smoking gun"…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-23 Luciano Combi , Daniel M. Siegel

We present optical spectra and light curves for three hydrogen-poor super-luminous supernovae followed by the Public ESO Spectroscopic Survey of Transient Objects (PESSTO). Time series spectroscopy from a few days after maximum light to 100…

The multi-messenger observation of the next galactic core-collapse supernova will shed light on the different physical processes involved in these energetic explosions. Good timing and pointing capabilities of neutrino detectors would help…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-09-18 Alexis Coleiro , Marta Colomer Molla , Damien Dornic , Massimiliano Lincetto , Vladimir Kulikovskiy

The combined detection of a gravitational-wave signal, kilonova, and short gamma-ray burst (sGRB) from GW170817 marked a scientific breakthrough in the field of multi-messenger astronomy. But even before GW170817, there have been a number…

The coalescence of binary neutron stars in the GW170817 event led to the generation of gravitational waves, accompanied by the electromagnetic counterpart known as a kilonova (KN). Since then, it has been a prime topic of interest, as it…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-19 Surojit Saha , Albert K. H Kong

Weak reactions are critical for the neutron richness of the matter dynamically ejected after the merger of two neutron stars. The neutron richness, defined by the electron fraction (Ye), determines which heavy elements are produced by the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-01-10 D. Martin , A. Perego , W. Kastaun , A. Arcones

We present ground-based optical and Hubble Space Telescope optical and near-IR observations of the short-hard GRB130603B at z=0.356, which demonstrate the presence of excess near-IR emission matching the expected brightness and color of an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 E. Berger , W. Fong , R. Chornock

The mergers of binary neutron stars, as well as black hole-neutron star systems, are expected to produce an electromagnetic counterpart that can be analyzed to infer the element synthesis that occurred in these events. We investigate one…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-20 Y. L. Zhu , K. Lund , J. Barnes , T. M. Sprouse , N. Vassh , G. C. McLaughlin , M. R. Mumpower , R. Surman

A non-negligible fraction of binary neutron star mergers are expected to form long-lived neutron star remnants, dramatically altering the multi-messenger signatures of a merger. Here, we extend existing models for magnetar-driven kilonovae…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-21 Nikhil Sarin , Conor M. B. Omand , Ben Margalit , David I. Jones

We study the long-term evolution of ejecta formed in a binary neutron star (BNS) merger that results in a long-lived remnant NS by performing a hydrodynamics simulation with the outflow data of a numerical relativity simulation as the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-31 Kyohei Kawaguchi , Sho Fujibayashi , Masaru Shibata , Masaomi Tanaka , Shinya Wanajo

We study kilonova emission from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers for the case that a remnant massive neutron star (MNS) forms and collapses to a black hole within $20$ ms after the onset of the merger (which we refer to as "a short-lived…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-13 Kyohei Kawaguchi , Sho Fujibayashi , Nanae Domoto , Kenta Kiuchi , Masaru Shibata , Shinya Wanajo

The AT2017gfo kilonova transient remains a unique multi-messenger event thanks to its proximity (z=0.00987) and the possibility to investigate time-resolved spectra, providing evidence of r-process nucleosynthesis. The kilonova signal was…

Compact binary mergers detectable in gravitational waves can be accompanied by a kilonova, an electromagnetic transient powered by radioactive decay of newly synthesised r-process elements. A few kilonova candidates have been observed…

The unprecedented optical and near-infrared lightcurves of the first electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source, GW170817, a binary neutron star merger, exhibited a strong evolution from blue to near-infrared (a so-called…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-08 Christa Gall , Jens Hjorth , Stephan Rosswog , Nial R. Tanvir , Andrew J. Levan

We present uniform modeling of eight kilonovae, five following short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs; including GRB170817A) and three following long GRBs. We model their broadband afterglows to determine the relative contributions of afterglow and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-26 J. C. Rastinejad , W. Fong , C. D. Kilpatrick , M. Nicholl , B. D. Metzger

The early spectra of the kilonova AT2017gfo have a remarkably smooth blackbody continuum, which reveals information on the thermal properties and radioactive heating within the ejecta. However, the widespread use of a single-temperature…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-04 Albert Sneppen

Binary neutron star mergers have been recently confirmed to be the progenitors of the optical transients kilonovae (KNe). KNe are powered by the radioactive decay of neutron-rich elements (r-process elements) which are believed to be the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-06 Rahul Kashyap , Gayathri Raman , Parameswaran Ajith

We present Chandra and VLA observations of GW170817 at ~521-743 days post merger, and a homogeneous analysis of the entire Chandra data set. We find that the late-time non-thermal emission follows the expected evolution from an off-axis…

The neutron star (NS) merger GW170817 was followed over several days by optical-wavelength ("blue") kilonova (KN) emission likely powered by the radioactive decay of light r-process nuclei synthesized by ejecta with a low neutron abundance…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-11 Brian D. Metzger , Todd A. Thompson , Eliot Quataert

For on-axis typical short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs), the forward shock emission is usually so bright that renders the identification of kilonovae (also known as macronovae) in the early afterglow ($t<0.5$ d) phase rather challenging. This is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-29 Zhi-Ping Jin , Stefano Covino , Neng-Hui Liao , Xiang Li , Paolo D'Avanzo , Yi-Zhong Fan , Da-Ming Wei