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Quantum entanglement between particles is expected to allow one to perform tasks that would otherwise be impossible. In quantum sensing and metrology, entanglement is often claimed to enable a precision that cannot be attained with the same…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-06 Liam P. McGuinness

Quantum entanglement is the quintessential characteristic of quantum mechanics and the basis for quantum information processing. When one of two maximally entangled particles is measured, without measurement the state of another one is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-05 Fang-Yu Hong

We present the results of cognitive tests on conceptual combinations, performed using specific Large Language Models (LLMs) as test subjects. In the first test, performed with ChatGPT and Gemini, we show that Bell's inequalities are…

Entanglement, a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, has long been recognized as a valuable resource in enabling secure communications and surpassing classical limits. However, previous research has primarily concentrated on static…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-09 Junjing Xing , Tianfeng Feng , Zhaobing Fan , Haitao Ma , Kishor Bharti , Dax Enshan Koh , Yunlong Xiao

Quantum chaos is the study of quantum systems whose classical description is chaotic. How does chaos manifest itself in the quantum world? In this spirit, we study the dynamical generation of entanglement as a signature of chaos in a system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-20 Vaibhav Madhok

The quantum-mechanical description of the world, including human observers, makes substantial use of entanglement. In order to understand this, we need to adopt concepts of truth, probability and time which are unfamiliar in modern…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-23 Anthony Sudbery

The construction of a consistent theory for structuring and representing how concepts combine and interact is one of the main challenges for the scholars involved in cognitive studies. All traditional approaches are still facing serious…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-06-27 Sandro Sozzo

The concept of concurrence is researched to characterize the dynamical behavior of the bipartite systems. The quantum kicked top model has great significance in the qubit systems and the chaotic properties of the entanglement. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-01 A. Fulop

Pretrained language models have been shown to significantly predict brain recordings of people comprehending language. Recent work suggests that the prediction of the next word is a key mechanism that contributes to this alignment. What is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Gabriele Merlin , Mariya Toneva

Some quantum algorithms have "quantum speedups": improved time complexity as compared with the best-known classical algorithms for solving the same tasks. Can we understand what fuels these speedups from an entropic perspective? Information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-07 Jason Pollack , Dylan VanAllen

Despite strong performance on a variety of tasks, neural sequence models trained with maximum likelihood have been shown to exhibit issues such as length bias and degenerate repetition. We study the related issue of receiving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Sean Welleck , Ilia Kulikov , Jaedeok Kim , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Kyunghyun Cho

Our knowledge of the sensory world is encoded by neurons in sequences of discrete, identical pulses termed action potentials or spikes. There is persistent controversy about the extent to which the precise timing of these spikes is relevant…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Ilya Nemenman , Geoffrey D. Lewen , William Bialek , Rob R. de Ruyter van Steveninck

A quantum-like description of human decision process is developed, and a heuristic argument supporting the theory as sound phenomenology is given. It is shown to be capable of quantitatively explaining the conjunction fallacy in the same…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-09-21 Taksu Cheon , Taiki Takahashi

Quantum networks are composed of quantum nodes that interact coherently by way of quantum channels and open a broad frontier of scientific opportunities. For example, a quantum network can serve as a `web' for connecting quantum processors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-31 K. S. Choi , A. Goban , S. B. Papp , S. J. van Enk , H. J. Kimble

It has been suggested, on the one hand, that quantum states are just states of knowledge; and, on the other, that quantum theory is merely a theory of correlations. These suggestions are confronted with problems about the nature of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Matthew J. Donald

Quantum information theory and quantum computing are theoritical basis of quantum computers. Thanks to entanglement, quantum mechanical systems are provisioned to realize many information processing problems faster than classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-19 Volkan Erol

The measurement outcomes of two incompatible observables on a particle can be precisely predicted when it is maximally entangled with a quantum memory, as quantified recently [Nature Phys. 6, 659 (2010)]. We explore the behavior of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-26 Z. Y. Xu , W. L. Yang , M. Feng

Formal languages are essential for computer programming and are constructed to be easily processed by computers. In contrast, natural languages are much more challenging and instigated the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). One…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Daphne Wang

In recent decades it was established that the quantum measurements of physical quantities in space-time points divided by space-like intervals may be correlated. Though such correlation follows from the formulas of quantum mechanics its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-14 S. V. Gantsevich , V. L. Gurevich

Correlations are employed in modern physics to explain microscopic and macroscopic phenomena, like the fractional quantum Hall effect and the Mott insulator state in high temperature superconductors and ultracold atoms. Simultaneously…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2013-02-20 Moritz Helias , Tom Tetzlaff , Markus Diesmann