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Blood glucose (BG) management is crucial for type-1 diabetes patients resulting in the necessity of reliable artificial pancreas or insulin infusion systems. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been utilized for a more accurate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Md Fazle Rabby , Yazhou Tu , Md Imran Hossen , Insup Le , Anthony S Maida , Xiali Hei

Machine learning shows remarkable success for recognizing patterns in data. Here we apply the machine learning (ML) for the diagnosis of early stage diabetes, which is known as a challenging task in medicine. Blood glucose levels are…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-24 Woo Seok Lee , Junghyo Jo , Taegeun Song

AI procedures joined with wearable gadgets can convey exact transient blood glucose level forecast models. Also, such models can learn customized glucose-insulin elements dependent on the sensor information gathered by observing a few parts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Ignacio Rodriguez

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) combined with AI offers new opportunities for proactive diabetes management through real-time glucose forecasting. However, most existing models are task-specific and lack generalization across patient…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-04 Junjie Luo , Abhimanyu Kumbara , Mansur Shomali , Rui Han , Anand Iyer , Ritu Agarwal , Gordon Gao

Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) affects millions worldwide, requiring continuous monitoring to prevent severe hypo- and hyperglycemic events. While continuous glucose monitoring has improved blood glucose management, deploying predictive models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Mirko Paolo Barbato , Giorgia Rigamonti , Davide Marelli , Paolo Napoletano

The classification of diabetes and prediabetes by static glucose thresholds obscures the pathophysiological dysglycemia heterogeneity, primarily driven by insulin resistance (IR), beta-cell dysfunction, and incretin deficiency. This review…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ahmed A. Metwally , Heyjun Park , Yue Wu , Tracey McLaughlin , Michael P. Snyder

Progress in the biomedical field through the use of deep learning is hindered by the lack of interpretability of the models. In this paper, we study the RETAIN architecture for the forecasting of future glucose values for diabetic people.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-11 Maxime De Bois , Mounîm A. El Yacoubi , Mehdi Ammi

Blood glucose simulation allows the effectiveness of type 1 diabetes (T1D) management strategies to be evaluated without patient harm. Deep learning algorithms provide a promising avenue for extending simulator capabilities; however, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Harry Emerson , Ryan McConville , Matthew Guy

The adoption of deep learning in healthcare is hindered by their "black box" nature. In this paper, we explore the RETAIN architecture for the task of glusose forecasting for diabetic people. By using a two-level attention mechanism, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Maxime De Bois , Mounîm A. El Yacoubi , Mehdi Ammi

Precise glucose level monitoring is critical for people with diabetes to avoid serious complications. While there are several methods for continuous glucose level monitoring, research on maintenance devices is limited. To mitigate the gap,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Azmine Toushik Wasi

Accurate prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is crucial for healthcare institutions. This study addresses the growing prevalence of diabetes and its strong link to heart disease by proposing an efficient CVD risk prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Esha Chowdhury

In many forecasting applications, it is valuable to predict not only the value of a signal at a certain time point in the future, but also the values leading up to that point. This is especially true in clinical applications, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Ian Fox , Lynn Ang , Mamta Jaiswal , Rodica Pop-Busui , Jenna Wiens

Accurate prediction of future blood glucose (BG) levels can effectively improve BG management for people living with diabetes, thereby reducing complications and improving quality of life. The state of the art of BG prediction has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Chengzhe Piao , Taiyu Zhu , Stephanie E Baldeweg , Paul Taylor , Pantelis Georgiou , Jiahao Sun , Jun Wang , Kezhi Li

Accurate blood glucose prediction can enable novel interventions for type 1 diabetes treatment, including personalized insulin and dietary adjustments. Although recent advances in transformer-based architectures have demonstrated the power…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-15 Meryem Altin Karagoz , Marc D. Breton , Anas El Fathi

With continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), data-driven models on blood glucose prediction have been shown to be effective in related work. However, such (CGM) systems are not always available, e.g., for a patient at home. In this work, we…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Tu Nguyen , Markus Rokicki

The availability of continuous glucose monitors as over-the-counter commodities have created a unique opportunity to monitor a person's blood glucose levels, forecast blood glucose trajectories and provide automated interventions to prevent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ebrahim Farahmand , Shovito Barua Soumma , Nooshin Taheri Chatrudi , Hassan Ghasemzadeh

Objective: Numerous glucose prediction algorithm have been proposed to empower type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Most of these algorithms only account for input such as glucose, insulin and carbohydrate, which limits their performance.…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-20 Chengyuan Liu , Josep Vehi , Nick Oliver , Pantelis Georgiou , Pau Herrero

Regular monitoring of glycemic status is essential for diabetes management, yet conventional blood-based testing can be burdensome for frequent assessment. The sclera contains superficial microvasculature that may exhibit diabetes related…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-16 Muhammad Ahmed Khan , Manqiang Peng , Ding Lin , Saif Ur Rehman Khan

People with diabetes must carefully monitor their blood glucose levels, especially after eating. Blood glucose regulation requires a proper combination of food intake and insulin boluses. Glucose prediction is vital to avoid dangerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Daniel Parra , David Joedicke , J. Manuel Velasco , Gabriel Kronberger , J. Ignacio Hidalgo

People with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) require regular exogenous infusion of insulin to maintain their blood glucose concentration in a therapeutically adequate target range. Although the artificial pancreas and continuous glucose monitoring…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Taiyu Zhu , Kezhi Li , Pau Herrero , Pantelis Georgiou