Related papers: A Neural-Astrocytic Network Architecture: Astrocyt…
Astrocytes, the most abundant type of glial cell, play a fundamental role in memory. Despite most hippocampal synapses being contacted by an astrocyte, there are no current theories that explain how neurons, synapses, and astrocytes might…
We present a simple biophysical model for the coupling between synaptic transmission and the local calcium concentration on an enveloping astrocytic domain. This interaction enables the astrocyte to modulate the information flow from…
Neurons rely on two interdependent mechanisms, homeostasis and neuromodulation, to maintain robust and adaptable functionality. Calcium homeostasis stabilizes neuronal activity by adjusting ionic conductances, whereas neuromodulation…
Synaptic plasticity is the capacity of a preexisting connection between two neurons to change in strength as a function of neural activity. Because synaptic plasticity is the major candidate mechanism for learning and memory, the…
Persistent activity is postulated to drive neural network plasticity and learning. To investigate its underlying cellular mechanisms, we developed a biophysically tractable model that explains the emergence, sustenance, and eventual…
Preliminary attempts at incorporating the critical role of astrocytes - cells that constitute more than 50\% of human brain cells - in brain-inspired neuromorphic computing remain in infancy. This paper seeks to delve deeper into various…
Short-term presynaptic plasticity designates variations of the amplitude of synaptic information transfer whereby the amount of neurotransmitter released upon presynaptic stimulation changes over seconds as a function of the neuronal firing…
The liquid state machine (LSM) combines low training complexity and biological plausibility, which has made it an attractive machine learning framework for edge and neuromorphic computing paradigms. Originally proposed as a model of brain…
This paper presents an innovative methodology for improving the robustness and computational efficiency of Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), a critical component in neuromorphic computing. The proposed approach integrates astrocytes, a type…
Understanding how neurons coordinate their activity is a fundamental question in neuroscience, with implications for learning, memory, and neurological disorders. Calcium imaging has emerged as a powerful method to observe large-scale…
Persistent neural activity underlying working memory requires sustained synaptic transmission, yet the metabolic and neurotransmitter support provided by astrocyte networks is largely absent from spatially extended neural circuit models. We…
While neuromorphic computing architectures based on Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are increasingly gaining interest as a pathway toward bio-plausible machine learning, attention is still focused on computational units like the neuron and…
The different active roles of neurons and astrocytes during neuronal activation are associated with the metabolic processes necessary to supply the energy needed for their respective tasks at rest and during neuronal activation. Metabolism,…
Neural systems can be modeled as networks of functionally connected neural elements. The resulting network can be analyzed using mathematical tools from network science and graph theory to quantify the system's topological organization and…
The investigation of the neuronal environment allows us to better understand the activity of a cerebral region as a whole. The recent experimental evidences of the presence of transporters for glutamate and GABA in both neuronal and…
Biocomputing technologies exploit biological communication mechanisms involving cell-cell signal propagation to perform computations. Researchers recently worked toward realising logic gates made by neurons to develop novel devices such as…
A mathematical model of a spiking neuron network accompanied by astrocytes is considered. The network is composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons with synaptic connections supplied by a memristor-based model of plasticity. Another…
Many cells use calcium signalling to carry information from the extracellular side of the plasma membrane to targets in their interior. Since virtually all cells employ a network of biochemical reactions for Ca2+ signalling, much effort has…
A new paradigm has recently emerged in brain science whereby communications between glial cells and neuron-glia interactions should be considered together with neurons and their networks to understand higher brain functions. In particular,…
The calcium transport in biological systems is modelled as a reaction-diffusion process. Nonlinear calcium waves are then simulated using a stochastic cellular automaton whose rules are derived from the corresponding coupled partial…