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Geometri is one of branch of the branch of mathematics that plays a major role in the development of science and technology. Thus, knowing the geometry concept is needed for students from their early basic level of thinking. A preliminary…
Septoku is a Sudoku variant invented by Bruce Oberg, played on a hexagonal grid of 37 cells. We show that up to rotations, reflections, and symbol permutations, there are only six valid Septoku boards. In order to have a unique solution, we…
We survey on the geometry of the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold, endowed with the classical metric established by S. Sasaki 60 years ago. Following the results of Sasaki, we try to write and deduce them by different means.…
This is an overview of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's Treatise of the quadrilateral, an invaluable 13th century document on spherical geometry which was translated into French in 1891. The title we are using here is the one given by the translator…
We show that single-digit "Nishio" subproblems in nxn Sudoku puzzles may be solved in time o(2^n), faster than previous solutions such as the pattern overlay method. We also show that single-digit deduction in Sudoku is NP-hard.
A kind of fixed-point problem in the area of discrete tomography is proposed and investigated. Our chief concern in this paper is the case of square windows in the plane. Dealing with the arrays which are bounded, of polynomial growth, and…
Solving Sudoku puzzles is one of the most popular pastimes in the world. Puzzles range in difficulty from easy to very challenging; the hardest puzzles tend to have the most empty cells. The current paper explains and compares three…
Kazuo Kondo (1911-2001) was Chair of the Department of Mathematical Engineering at the University of Tokyo, Japan. Over a period of 50 years, he and a few colleagues wrote and published a voluminous series of papers and monographs on the…
A fascinating and deep question about nature is what one would see if one could probe space and time at smaller and smaller distances. Already the 19th-century founders of modern geometry contemplated the possibility that a piece of empty…
This paper revives a four-decade-old problem concerning regularity theory for (continuous) constraint maps with free boundaries. Dividing the map into two parts, the distance part and the projected image to the constraint, one can prove…
The simplest solvable problem of stress transmission through a static granular material is when the grains are perfectly rigid and have an average coordination number of $\bar{z}=d+1$. Under these conditions there exists an analysis of…
Recent developments of affine algebraic geometry, especially the theory of open algebraic surfaces, provide means to systematically explore geometric and topological properties of polynomials in two variables. Nevertheless, there is one…
There are growing uncertainties surrounding the classical model of computation established by G\"odel, Church, Kleene, Turing and others in the 1930s onwards. The mismatch between the Turing machine conception, and the experiences of those…
Global solutions to the obstacle problem were first completely classified in two dimensions by Sakai using complex analysis techniques. Although the complex analysis approach produced a very succinct proof in two dimensions, it left the…
Origami, the ancient art of folding thin sheets, has attracted increasing attention for its practical value in diverse fields: architectural design, therapeutics, deployable space structures, medical stent design, antenna design and…
Gaussian periods have been studied for centuries in the realms of number theory, field theory, cryptography, and elsewhere. However, it was only within the last decade or so that they began to be studied from a visual perspective. By…
Recently it has been discovered that on a stone tablet over 3800 years old, the Plimpton-322 table, are carved the geometric relations that exist between the sides of 15 right triangles chosen in a very special way. Due to its property as a…
Hashiwokakero, or simply Hashi, is a Japanese single-player puzzle played on a rectangular grid with no standard size. Some cells of the grid contain a circle, called island, with a number inside it ranging from one to eight. The remaining…
A Fano problem consists of enumerating linear spaces of a fixed dimension on a variety, generalizing the classical problem of 27 lines on a cubic surface. Those Fano problems with finitely many linear spaces have an associated Galois group…
Sundial is the ancient or classic timekeeper device, especially prior to the invention of mechanical clock. In the classical Islamic civilization, the daily movement of the Sun becomes main indicator of praying time, which can be deduced…