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Bell's theorem shows that the reasonable relativistic causal principle known as "local causality" is not compatible with the predictions of quantum mechanics. It is not possible maintain a satisfying causal principle of this type while…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-15 Joe Henson

While the microscopic laws of physics are often symmetric under time reversal, most natural processes that we observe are not. The emergent asymmetry between typical and time-reversed processes is referred to as the arrow of time. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Luis Pedro García-Pintos , Yi-Kai Liu , Alexey V. Gorshkov

When investigating theories at the tiniest conceivable scales in nature, almost all researchers today revert to the quantum language, accepting the verdict from the Copenhagen doctrine that the only way to describe what is going on will…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-22 Gerard 't Hooft

The arrow of time is an irreversible phenomenon for a system of particles undergoing reversible dynamics. Since the time of Boltzmann to this day, the arrow of time has led to debate and research. However, the enormous growth of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-07-22 Derek Wright , Roshan Klein-Seetharaman , Susanta K. Sarkar

We basis our initial analysis of the arrow of time on a relationship between the time evolution operator of quantum system and the time-independent density operator which describes the equilibrium state of a many-particle system at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-05 Benno Bodmann , César A. Zen Vasconcellos , José de Freitas Pacheco , Peter O. Hess , Dimiter Hadjimichef

We introduce a framework to study the emergence of time and causal structure in quantum many-body systems. In doing so, we consider quantum states which encode spacetime dynamics, and develop information theoretic tools to extract the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-11-25 Jordan Cotler , Xizhi Han , Xiao-Liang Qi , Zhao Yang

We derive the arrows of time of our universe that follow from the no-boundary theory of its quantum state (NBWF) in a minisuperspace model. Arrows of time are viewed four-dimensionally as properties of the four-dimensional Lorentzian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-09-04 James Hartle , Thomas Hertog

Scientific discussions of the arrow of time often get quite confusing due to highly complex systems they deal with. Popular literature then often coveys messages that tend to get lost in translation. The purpose of this note is to demystify…

Popular Physics · Physics 2024-08-29 Zura Kakushadze

Bell's seminal paper shows that some correlations in quantum theory are not reconcilable with hidden variables and the classical notion of locality. Yet, a weaker notion of locality, known as no-signalling, survives the no-go-result. Here,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 Markus Frembs , Andreas Döring

It is difficult to extract reliable criteria for causal locality from the limited ingredients found in textbook quantum theory. In the end, Bell humbly warned that his eponymous theorem was based on criteria that "should be viewed with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 Jacob A. Barandes

Consider a Hamiltonian system that consists of a slow subsystem S and a fast subsystem F. The autonomous dynamics of S is driven by an effective Hamiltonian, but its thermodynamics is unexpected. We show that a well-defined thermodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Dominik Janzing

Uncovering the origin of the arrow of time remains a fundamental scientific challenge. Within the framework of statistical physics, this problem was inextricably associated with the second law of thermodynamics, which declares that entropy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-27 G. B. Lesovik , I. A. Sadovskyy , M. V. Suslov , A. V. Lebedev , V. M. Vinokur

In general relativity, the causal structure between events is dynamical, but it is definite and observer-independent; events are point-like and the membership of an event A in the future or past light-cone of an event B is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-13 Philippe Allard Guérin , Časlav Brukner

Within the general formalism of quantum theory irreversibility and the arrow of time in the evolution of various physical systems are studied. Irreversible behavior often manifests itself in the guise of entropy production. This motivates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-10 Jürg Fröhlich

Although most fundamental laws are invariant under time reversal, experience exhibits the presence of irreversible phenomena -- the arrows of time. Their origin lies in cosmology, and I argue that only quantum cosmology can provide the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Claus Kiefer

From correlations in measurement outcomes alone, can two otherwise isolated parties establish whether such correlations are atemporal? That is, can they rule out that they have been given the same system at two different times? Classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Minjeong Song , Varun Narasimhachar , Bartosz Regula , Thomas J. Elliott , Mile Gu

We discuss the arrow of time in terms of the increase of correlations between the system and its environment. Here we show that the existence of the arrow of time, based on deleting correlations, requires a strict absence of initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-04 Vlatko Vedral

The nature of time has beguiled philosophers for nearly three millennia. There are myriad types of time including cosmological time, biological time, psychological time, physical time, historical time, and even theological time. My brief…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Stephen Boughn

We investigate three aspects of the supposed problem of time: The disagreement between the treatments of time in general relativity and quantum theory, the problem of recovering time from within an isolated Universe and the prevalence of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-27 K. L. H. Bryan , A. J. M. Medved

Quantum gravity, the initial low entropy state of the Universe, and the problem of time are interlocking puzzles. In this article, we address the origin of the arrow of time from a cosmological perspective motivated by a novel approach to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-04 Vishnu Jejjala , Michael Kavic , Djordje Minic , Chia-Hsiung Tze