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This paper argues that Machine Learning (ML) algorithms must be educated. ML-trained algorithms moral decisions are ubiquitous in human society. Sometimes reverting the societal advances governments, NGOs and civil society have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Susana Perez Blazquez , Inas Hipolito

Explainability is one of the key ethical concepts in the design of AI systems. However, attempts to operationalize this concept thus far have tended to focus on approaches such as new software for model interpretability or guidelines with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ben Zevenbergen , Allison Woodruff , Patrick Gage Kelley

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) using artificial intelligence (AI) technology have shown promise in supporting learners with diverse abilities. Large language models (LLMs) provide new opportunities to incorporate personas to AI-based…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Haocong Cheng , Si Chen , Christopher Perdriau , Shriya Mokkapati , Yun Huang

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a research field that aims to estimate a student's knowledge state through learning interactions-a crucial component of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs). Despite significant advancements, no current KT models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Yongwan Cho , Rabia Emhamed AlMamlook , Tasnim Gharaibeh

Machine learning is increasingly transforming various scientific fields, enabled by advancements in computational power and access to large data sets from experiments and simulations. As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to grow in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Sebastian Johann Wetzel , Seungwoong Ha , Raban Iten , Miriam Klopotek , Ziming Liu

The burgeoning development of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) in educational settings have sparked considerable debate regarding their efficacy and acceptability.Despite…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Aashish Ghimire , John Edwards

Open-sourced large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in various tasks with instruction tuning. However, these models can sometimes struggle with tasks that require more specialized knowledge such as translation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jiali Zeng , Fandong Meng , Yongjing Yin , Jie Zhou

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integrated into daily life, there is a growing need to equip the next generation with the ability to apply, interact with, evaluate, and collaborate with AI systems responsibly. Prior…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ruiwei Xiao , Xinying Hou , Ying-Jui Tseng , Hsuan Nieu , Guanze Liao , John Stamper , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) are fundamentally reshaping computing, with large language models (LLMs) now effectively being able to generate and interpret source code and natural language instructions. These emergent…

"Learning by Teaching (LbT)" helps learners deepen their understanding by explaining concepts to others, with questions playing a vital role in identifying knowledge gaps and reinforcing comprehension. However, existing systems for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tokio Uchida , Ko Watanabe , Andrew Vargo , Shoya Ishimaru , Ralph L. Rose , Ayaka Sugawara , Andreas Dengel , Koichi Kise

Explainable machine learning offers the potential to provide stakeholders with insights into model behavior by using various methods such as feature importance scores, counterfactual explanations, or influential training data. Yet there is…

This paper explores the synergy between human cognition and Large Language Models (LLMs), highlighting how generative AI can drive personalized learning at scale. We discuss parallels between LLMs and human cognition, emphasizing both the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xiangen Hu , Sheng Xu , Richard Tong , Art Graesser

Education in the era of generative AI faces a pivotal transformation. As AI systems reshape professional practices-from software development to creative design-educators must reconsider how to prepare students for a future where humans and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Xinran Zhu , Liam Magee , Peg Mischler

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has continued to achieve tremendous success in recent times. However, the decision logic of these frameworks is often not transparent, making it difficult for stakeholders to understand, interpret or explain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Fuseini Mumuni , Alhassan Mumuni

While Machine learning gives rise to astonishing results in automated systems, it is usually at the cost of large data requirements. This makes many successful algorithms from machine learning unsuitable for human-machine interaction, where…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Jan Philip Göpfert , Ulrike Kuhl , Lukas Hindemith , Heiko Wersing , Barbara Hammer

Large language models (LLMs) have substantially advanced machine learning research, including natural language processing, computer vision, data mining, etc., yet they still exhibit critical limitations in explainability, reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Xin Wang , Haoyang Li , Haibo Chen , Zeyang Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Interactive Task Learning (ITL) is an emerging research agenda that studies the design of complex intelligent robots that can acquire new knowledge through natural human teacher-robot learner interactions. ITL methods are particularly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Preeti Ramaraj , Charles L. Ortiz, , Shiwali Mohan

We present a brief history of the field of interpretable machine learning (IML), give an overview of state-of-the-art interpretation methods, and discuss challenges. Research in IML has boomed in recent years. As young as the field is, it…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-24 Christoph Molnar , Giuseppe Casalicchio , Bernd Bischl

The rapid evolution of machine learning (ML) has led to the widespread adoption of complex "black box" models, such as deep neural networks and ensemble methods. These models exhibit exceptional predictive performance, making them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Moncef Garouani , Josiane Mothe , Ayah Barhrhouj , Julien Aligon

The era of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents a new opportunity for interpretability--agentic interpretability: a multi-turn conversation with an LLM wherein the LLM proactively assists human understanding by developing and leveraging a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Been Kim , John Hewitt , Neel Nanda , Noah Fiedel , Oyvind Tafjord