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The ambition of the Lightning Network is to provide a second layer to the Bitcoin network to enable transactions confirmed instantly, securely and anonymously with a world scale capacity using a decentralized protocol. Some of the current…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Cyril Grunspan , Gabriel Lehéricy , Ricardo Pérez-Marco

The Bitcoin Lightning Network (LN) is designed to improve the scalability of blockchain systems by using off-chain payment paths to settle transactions in a faster, cheaper, and more private manner. This work aims to empirically study LN's…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Andrea Carotti , Cosimo Sguanci , Anastasios Sidiropoulos

The Lightning Network is a peer-to-peer network designed to address Bitcoin's scalability challenges, facilitating rapid, cost-effective, and instantaneous transactions through bidirectional, blockchain-backed payment channels among network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Sindura Saraswathi , Christian Kümmerle

The Bitcoin Lightning Network is a Layer 2 payment protocol that addresses Bitcoin's scalability by facilitating quick and cost effective transactions through payment channels. This research explores the feasibility of using machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Vincent Davis , Emanuele Rossi , Vikash Singh

With the increasing demand and complexity of networks, factors such as balancing the load, improving the performance, reducing delay and finding optimal path between nodes in a computer network have become crucial. The traditional routing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-17 Chandana M , Sanjeev Thakur

Rising energy consumption of IT infrastructure concerns have spurred the development of more power efficient networking equipment and algorithms. When \emph{old} equipment just drew an almost constant amount of power regardless of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-12-09 Miguel Rodríguez Pérez , Sergio Herrería Alonso , Manuel Fernández Veiga , Cándido López García

Payment channel networks (PCNs) such as the Lightning Network offer an appealing solution to the scalability problem faced by many cryptocurrencies operating on a blockchain such as Bitcoin. However, PCNs also inherit the stringent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Philipp Zabka , Klaus-Tycho Foerster , Stefan Schmid , Christian Decker

The Bitcoin Lightning Network is a layer 2 protocol designed to facilitate fast and inexpensive Bitcoin transactions. It operates by establishing channels between users, where Bitcoin is locked and transactions are conducted off-chain until…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Rainer Feichtinger , Florian Grötschla , Lioba Heimbach , Roger Wattenhofer

Bitcoin's Lightning Network (LN) is a scalability solution for Bitcoin allowing transactions to be issued with negligible fees and settled instantly at scale. In order to use LN, funds need to be locked in payment channels on the Bitcoin…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-04-16 István András Seres , László Gulyás , Dániel A. Nagy , Péter Burcsi

The Bitcoin Lightning network is a mechanism to enable fast and inexpensive off-chain Bitcoin transactions using peer-to-peer (P2P) channels between nodes that can also be composed into a routing path. Although the resulting possible…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Finnegan Waugh , Ralph Holz

Wireless networks are becoming the key building block of our communications infrastructure. Examples range from cellular networks to ad hoc and sensor networks in wildlife monitoring and environmental scenarios. With the rise of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-09-05 Michael Frey , Mesut Günes

Payment channel networks, such as Bitcoin's Lightning Network, promise to improve the scalability of blockchain systems by processing the majority of transactions off-chain. Due to the design, the positioning of nodes in the network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Kimberly Lange , Elias Rohrer , Florian Tschorsch

Payment channel networks, and the Lightning Network in particular, seem to offer a solution to the lack of scalability and privacy offered by Bitcoin and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. Previous research has focused on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-22 George Kappos , Haaroon Yousaf , Ania Piotrowska , Sanket Kanjalkar , Sergi Delgado-Segura , Andrew Miller , Sarah Meiklejohn

The Lightning Network, known for its millisecond settlement speeds and low transaction fees, offers a compelling alternative to traditional payment processors, which often have higher fees and longer processing times. This is particularly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Jeffy Yu

The Lightning Network promises to alleviate Bitcoin's known scalability problems. The operation of such second layer approaches relies on the ability of participants to turn to the blockchain to claim funds at any time, which is assumed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Jona Harris , Aviv Zohar

It is now a whole year since Lightning Network (LN) has been launched on the Bitcoi's mainnet. LN has been claimed as the solution for several of Bitcoin's weaknesses such as its difficulty to scale in number of transactions per second and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Stefano Martinazzi

The Lightning Network is a scaling solution for Bitcoin that promises to enable rapid and private payment processing. In Lightning, multi-hop payments are secured by utilizing Hashed Time-Locked Contracts (HTLCs) and encrypted on the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Elias Rohrer , Florian Tschorsch

This paper presents a formal analysis of the Lightning Network as a monetary system structurally diverging from Bitcoin's base-layer settlement model. We demonstrate that under increasing transaction demand, BTC transaction fees rise…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Craig Steven Wright

Payment channel networks like Bitcoin's Lightning network are an auspicious approach for realizing high transaction throughput and almost-instant confirmations in blockchain networks. However, the ability to successfully make payments in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Oguzhan Ersoy , Stefanie Roos , Zekeriya Erkin

The Lightning Network (LN) is a second-layer protocol for Bitcoin designed to enable fast and cost-efficient off-chain transactions. Channels in the LN can be closed either by mutual agreement or unilaterally through a forced closure, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Simone Antonelli , Vincent Davis , Harrison Rush , Anthony Potdevin , Jesse Shrader , Vikash Singh , Emanuele Rossi
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