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Code linters play a crucial role in developing high-quality software systems by detecting potential problems (e.g., memory leaks) in the source code of systems. Despite their benefits, code linters are often language-specific, focused on…

Contrastive learning has been successfully used for retrieval of semantically aligned sentences, but it often requires large batch sizes or careful engineering to work well. In this paper, we instead propose a generative model for learning…

Automatic vulnerability detection on C/C++ source code has benefitted from the introduction of machine learning to the field, with many recent publications targeting this combination. In contrast, assembly language or machine code artifacts…

Language-orientated programming promises to elevate programmer productivity through increased abstrac- tion capabilities. Structural programming environments provide apparatus to reduce the difficulties with syntax. The language workbench,…

Rust relies on its unique ownership mechanism to ensure thread and memory safety. However, numerous potential security vulnerabilities persist in practical applications. New language features in Rust pose new challenges for vulnerability…

Declarative styles such as functional programming (FP) are rapidly gaining ground on their imperative cousins, including procedural and object-oriented programming. The shift is subtle because it is happening within the context of…

Despite extensive usage in high-performance, low-level systems programming applications, C is susceptible to vulnerabilities due to manual memory management and unsafe pointer operations. Rust, a modern systems programming language, offers…

Programmers regularly use strings to encode many types of data, such as Unix file paths, URLs, and email addresses, that are conceptually different. However, existing mainstream programming languages use a unified string type to represent…

Grammar convergence is a method that helps discovering relationships between different grammars of the same language or different language versions. The key element of the method is the operational, transformation-based representation of…

A circular program contains a data structure whose definition is self-referential or recursive. The use of such a definition allows efficient functional programs to be written and can avoid repeated evaluations and the creation of…

Bugs that are detected earlier during the development lifecycle are easier and cheaper to fix, whereas bugs that are found during production are difficult and expensive to address, and may have dire consequences. Type systems are…

Graphs are a generalized concept that encompasses more complex data structures than trees, such as difference lists, doubly-linked lists, skip lists, and leaf-linked trees. Normally, these structures are handled with destructive assignments…

Arrays are such a rich and fundamental data type that they tend to be built into a language, either in the compiler or in a large low-level library. Defining this functionality at the user level instead provides greater flexibility for…

Rust is a strong contender for a memory-safe alternative to C as a "systems" language, but porting the vast amount of existing C code to Rust remains daunting. In this paper, we evaluate the potential of large language models (LLMs) to…

Memory-safety bugs introduce critical software-security issues. Rust provides memory-safe mechanisms to avoid memory-safety bugs in programming, while still allowing unsafe escape hatches via unsafe code. However, the unsafe code that…

A naive realization of JSON data in R maps JSON arrays to an unnamed list, and JSON objects to a named list. However, in practice a list is an awkward, inefficient type to store and manipulate data. Most statistical applications work with…

Migrating existing C programs into Rust is increasingly desired, as Rust offers superior memory safety while maintaining C's high performance. However, vastly different features between C and Rust--e.g., distinct definitions and usages of…

In the maintenance of complex systems, fault trees are used to locate problems and provide targeted solutions. To enable fault trees stored as images to be directly processed by large language models, which can assist in tracking and…

The Rust programming language has garnered significant interest and use as a modern, type-safe, memory-safe, and potentially formally analyzable programming language. Our interest in Rust stems from its potential as a hardware/software…

Machine learning models that take computer program source code as input typically use Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. However, a major challenge is that code is written using an open, rapidly changing vocabulary due to, e.g.,…