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We present Kepler exoplanet occurrence rates for planets between $0.5-16$ R$_\oplus$ and between $1-400$ days. To measure occurrence, we use a non-parametric method via a kernel density estimator and use bootstrap random sampling for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-02 Anne Dattilo , Natalie M. Batalha , Steve Bryson

As gas giant planets evolve, they may scatter other planets far from their original orbits to produce hot Jupiters or rogue planets that are not gravitationally bound to any star. Here, we consider planets cast out to large orbital…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Benjamin C. Bromley , Scott J. Kenyon

We use models of coupled thermal evolution and photo-evaporative mass loss to understand the formation and evolution of the Kepler-36 system. We show that the large contrast in mean planetary density observed by Carter et al. (2012) can be…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Eric Lopez , Jonathan Fortney

From wispy gas giants on the verge of disruption to tiny rocky bodies already falling apart, short-period exoplanets pose a severe puzzle to theories of planet formation and orbital evolution. By far most of the planets known beyond the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-29 Brian Jackson , Elisabeth Adams , René Heller , Michael Endl

Mass and radius are two fundamental properties for characterising exoplanets, but only for a relatively small fraction of exoplanets are they both available. Mass is often derived from radial velocity measurements, while the radius is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-09 S. Ulmer-Moll , N. C. Santos , P. Figueira , J. Brinchmann , J. P. Faria

During the late stage of planet formation when Mars-size cores appear, interactions among planetary cores can excite their orbital eccentricities, speed their merges and thus sculpture the final architecture of planet systems. This series…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Huigen Liu , Ji-lin Zhou , S. Wang

Mass and radius are two of the most fundamental properties of an astronomical object. Increasingly, new planet discoveries are being announced with a measurement of one of these terms, but not both. This has led to a growing need to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-04 Jingjing Chen , David M. Kipping

The radius valley, a bimodal feature in the size distribution of close-in small exoplanets, is widely interpreted as a signature of atmospheric loss and therefore provides a key constraint on the formation and atmospheric evolution of these…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-24 Xunzhou Chen , Tiancheng Sun , Yuxi , Lu , Zixuan Lu , Lifei Ye

The dearth of planets with sizes around 1.8 $\mathrm{R_\oplus}$ is a key demographic feature discovered by the $Kepler$ mission. Two theories have emerged as potential explanations for this valley: photoevaporation and core-powered…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-02 Travis A. Berger , Joshua E. Schlieder , Daniel Huber , Thomas Barclay

On 1 February 2011 the Kepler Mission released data for 156,453 stars observed from the beginning of the science observations on 2 May through 16 September 2009. There are 1235 planetary candidates with transit like signatures detected in…

Several models have been introduced in order to explain the radius distribution in exoplanet radii observed by Fulton et al. (2017) with one peak at $\rm \sim 1.3 R_{\oplus} $ the other at $\rm \sim 2.4 R_{\oplus} $ and the minimum at $\rm…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-17 Darius Modirrousta-Galian , Daniele Locci , Giuseppina Micela

An analysis of the currently known exoplanets in the habitable zones (HZs) of their host stars is of interest in both the wake of the NASA Kepler mission and with prospects for expanding the known planet population through future ground-…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-22 Arthur D. Adams , Stephen R. Kane

Determining whether Earth-like planets are common or rare looms as a touchstone in the question of life in the universe. We searched for Earth-size planets that cross in front of their host stars by examining the brightness measurements of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-27 Erik A. Petigura , Andrew W. Howard , Geoffrey W. Marcy

Continuous data releases throughout the TESS primary mission will provide unique opportunities for the exoplanet community at large to contribute to maximizing TESS's scientific return via the discovery and validation of transiting planets.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-31 Ryan Cloutier

Recent observations identify a valley in the radius distribution of small exoplanets, with planets in the range $1.5-2.0\,{\rm R}_{\oplus}$ significantly less common than somewhat smaller or larger planets. This valley may suggest a bimodal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-07 Sivan Ginzburg , Hilke E. Schlichting , Re'em Sari

We used high-precision radial velocity measurements of FGKM stars to determine the occurrence of giant planets as a function of orbital separation spanning 0.03-30 au. Giant planets are more prevalent at orbital distances of 1-10 au…

Constraining the planetary composition is essential for exoplanetary characterization. In this paper, we use a statistical analysis to determine the characteristic maximum (threshold) radii for various compositions for exoplanets with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Michael Lozovsky , Ravit Helled , Caroline Dorn , Julia Venturini

The NASA Exoplanet Archive was searched for planets with an equilibrium temperature below 600 K, mass uncertainty less than 27 percent, and radius uncertainty less than 8 percent. This search produced 93 planets with mass from 0.3 to 1680…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-14 David G. Russell

Planets with masses between Earth and Neptune often have radii that imply the presence of volatiles, suggesting that water may be abundant in their interiors. However, directly observing the precise water mass fraction and water…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-08 Michael Lozovsky