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As we enter the era of useful quantum computers we need to better understand the limitations of classical support hardware, and develop mitigation techniques to ensure effective qubit utilisation. In this paper we discuss three key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-21 James R. Cruise , Neil I. Gillespie , Brendan Reid

Quantum simulation elucidates properties of quantum many-body systems by mapping its Hamiltonian to a better-controlled system. Being less stringent than a universal quantum computer, noisy small- and intermediate-scale quantum simulators…

We present a strategy for the quantum simulation of many-body lattice models with constrained Hilbert spaces. We focus on lattice gauge theories (LGTs), which underlie a wide range of phenomena in particle physics, condensed matter, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Zhanpeng Fu , Wei Zheng , Roderich Moessner , Marin Bukov , Hongzheng Zhao

When estimating the eigenvalues of a given observable, even fault-tolerant quantum computers will be subject to errors, namely algorithmic errors. These stem from approximations in the algorithms implementing the unitary passed to phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-11 Adam Siegel , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

Quantum dynamics can be simulated on a quantum computer by exponentiating elementary terms from the Hamiltonian in a sequential manner. However, such an implementation of Trotter steps has gate complexity depending on the total Hamiltonian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-15 Guang Hao Low , Yuan Su , Yu Tong , Minh C. Tran

Following Feynman and as elaborated on by Lloyd, a universal quantum simulator (QS) is a controlled quantum device which reproduces the dynamics of any other many particle quantum system with short range interactions. This dynamics can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-11 Hendrik Weimer , Markus Müller , Igor Lesanovsky , Peter Zoller , Hans Peter Büchler

We consider a random time evolution operator composed of a circuit of random unitaries coupling even and odd neighboring spins on a chain in turn. In spirit of Floquet evolution, the circuit is time-periodic; each timestep is repeated with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-31 Christoph Sünderhauf , David Pérez-García , David A. Huse , Norbert Schuch , J. Ignacio Cirac

The Fermi-Hubbard model is a fundamental model in condensed matter physics that describes strongly correlated electrons. On the other hand, quantum computers are emerging as powerful tools for exploring the complex dynamics of these quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Talal Ahmed Chowdhury , Vladimir Korepin , Vincent R. Pascuzzi , Kwangmin Yu

Quantum dynamics simulation via Hamilton simulation algorithms is one of the most crucial applications in the quantum computing field. While this task has been relatively considered the target in the fault-tolerance era, the experiment for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Shigeo Hakkaku , Yasunari Suzuki , Yuuki Tokunaga , Suguru Endo

Trotterization-based, iterative approaches to quantum simulation are restricted to simulation times less than the coherence time of the quantum computer, which limits their utility in the near term. Here, we present a hybrid…

Recent progress in the development of quantum technologies has enabled the direct investigation of dynamics of increasingly complex quantum many-body systems. This motivates the study of the complexity of classical algorithms for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-12 Dominik S. Wild , Álvaro M. Alhambra

Quantum simulation of dynamics is an important goal in the NISQ era, within which quantum error mitigation may be a viable path towards modifying or eliminating the effects of noise. Most studies on quantum error mitigation have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-31 Yue Ma , M. S. Kim

Thermal state preparation is a central challenge in the simulation of quantum many-body systems. Yet, provably efficient algorithms for this task were only introduced recently [Chen et al. Nature 646, 561 (2025)]. These algorithms are based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Christopher Ong , S. A. Parameswaran , Benedikt Placke , Dominik Hahn

Fault-tolerant quantum computing is a promising tool for simulating molecules and materials, but frequently-considered applications require substantial resources, and the gap between hardware capabilities and requirements remains…

The real-time simulation of large many-body quantum systems is a formidable task, that may only be achievable with a genuine quantum computational platform. Currently, quantum hardware with a number of qubits sufficient to make classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Alexander Miessen , Daniel J. Egger , Ivano Tavernelli , Guglielmo Mazzola

Quantum simulation has begun to penetrate the field of quantum chemistry in hopes of efficiently calculating ground state energies and approximating real-time evolution. With modern research highlighting nonadiabatic dynamics, tunably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-08 Joshua M. Courtney , P. C. Stancil

The dynamical structure factor is one of the experimental quantities crucial in scrutinizing the validity of the microscopic description of strongly correlated systems. However, despite its long-standing importance, it is exceedingly…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-10-22 Maria Laura Baez , Marcel Goihl , Jonas Haferkamp , Juani Bermejo-Vega , Marek Gluza , Jens Eisert

When simulating the dynamics of open quantum systems with quantum computers, it is essential to accurately approximate the system's behaviour while preserving the physicality of its evolution. Traditionally, for Markovian open quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 I. J. David , I. Sinayskiy , F. Petruccione

We develop a fourth-order Magnus expansion based quantum algorithm for the simulation of many-body problems involving two-level quantum systems with time-dependent Hamiltonians, $\mathcal{H}(t)$. A major hurdle in the utilization of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-14 Guannan Chen , Mohammadali Foroozandeh , Chris Budd , Pranav Singh

Although quantum computing holds promise for solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems (COPs), the limited qubit capacity of NISQ hardware makes large-scale instances intractable. Conventional methods attempt to bridge this gap through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Yuhan Huang , Siyuan Jin , Yichi Zhang , Qi Zhao , Jun Qi , Qiming Shao