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Three-body decay functions in space-like parton branches are implemented to evaluate transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions in the next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) order of quantum chromodynamics (QCD).…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-04-08 Hidekazu Tanaka

Transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) are studied in the framework of quark models. In particular, quark-model relations among TMDs are reviewed, elucidating their physical origin in terms of the quark-spin structure in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-09-13 C. Lorce , B. Pasquini

We derive new Lorentz Invariance and Equation of Motion Relations between twist-three Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) and moments in the parton transverse momentum, $k_T$, of twist-two Generalized Transverse Momentum-Dependent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-10-31 Abha Rajan , Michael Engelhardt , Simonetta Liuti

An approach is proposed to calculate Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) in a Constituent Quark Model (CQM) scenario. These off-diagonal distributions are obtained from momentum space wave functions to be evaluated in a given non…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Sergio Scopetta , Vicente Vento

We investigate the Wigner distributions and generalized transverse momentum-dependent distributions (GTMDs) for $u$ and $d$ quarks in the proton by using light-front quark-diquark model. We consider the contribution of scalar and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-10-29 Satvir Kaur , Harleen Dahiya

We study the parametrization of the energy-momentum tensor for the case of a proton in momentum space in terms of gravitational transverse momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs). These gravitational TMDs are investigated with the inclusion…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-17 Navpreet Kaur , Shubham Sharma , Abi Jebarson A , Harleen Dahiya

We present the first next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) calculation of the twist-2 matching coefficients for transverse momentum dependent (TMD) quark transversity parton distribution and fragmentation functions in QCD. This…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-03 Yu Jiao Zhu

We show that the transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution, called as Pretzelosity function, is zero at any order in perturbation theory of QCD for a single massless quark state. This implies that Pretzelosity function is not…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-03-05 X. P. Chai , K. B. Chen , J. P. Ma

We present a calculation of the leading-twist (twist-2) generalized transverse momentum distributions (GTMDs) for unpolarized and longitudinally polarized gluons in the proton, using a recently developed light-front gluon spectator model…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-23 Dipankar Chakrabarti , Bheemsehan Gurjar , Asmita Mukherjee , Kauship Saha

In this paper we calculate analytically the perturbative matching coefficients for unpolarized quark and gluon Transverse-Momentum-Dependent (TMD) Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) and Fragmentation Functions (FFs) through…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-07-07 Ming-xing Luo , Tong-Zhi Yang , Hua Xing Zhu , Yu Jiao Zhu

We show that the gauge-invariant transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) quark distribution function can be expressed as a sum of all higher-twist collinear parton matrix elements in terms of a transport operator. From such a general…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Zuo-tang Liang , Xin-Nian Wang , Jian Zhou

We investigate the internal structure of the pion using generalized transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) within the light-cone quark model. By solving the quark-quark correlator, we derive the twist-$2$, $3$, and $4$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-19 Satyajit Puhan , Shubham Sharma , Narinder Kumar , Harleen Dahiya

We discuss the general formalism for the calculation in light-cone quark models of the fully unintegrated, off-diagonal quark-quark correlator of the nucleon. The corresponding distributions in impact parameter space are the Wigner or…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-03-10 Cédric Lorcé , Barbara Pasquini

We revisit the calculation of the evolution equations for four unpolarized twist-3 transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions (PDFs) at $\mathcal {O}(\alpha_s)$. Unlike the existing calculations in the literature,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-01 Xue-Tao Liu , Ping-An Liu , Yu-Lu Liu , An-Ping Chen

We combine soft and collinear matrix elements to define transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) for gluons, free from rapidity divergences. We establish a factorization theorem at next-to-leading order for the Higgs boson…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-08-12 Tomas Kasemets

The possibility to extract the quark transverse-momentum distributions in the neutron from semi-inclusive deep inelastic electron scattering off polarized 3He is illustrated through an impulse approximation analysis in the Bjorken limit.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-12 Emanuele Pace , Giovanni Salme' , Sergio Scopetta , Alessio Del Dotto , Matteo Rinaldi

Transverse momentum dependent (TMD) parton distributions in a proton are important in high energy physics from both theoretical and phenomenological points of view. Using the latest RHIC and LHC data on the inclusive soft hadron production…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-09-19 N. A. Abdulov , H. Jung , A. V. Lipatov , G. I. Lykasov , M. A. Malyshev

We obtain the electromagnetic form factors, the axial form factor, and the parton distribution functions of the proton from the eigenstates of a light-front effective Hamiltonian in the leading Fock representation suitable for low-momentum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-07-22 Chandan Mondal. Siqi Xu , Jiangshan Lan , Xingbo Zhao , Yang Li , Dipankar Chakrabarti , James P. Vary

We apply the joint threshold and transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorem to introduce new threshold-TMD distribution functions, including threshold-TMD parton distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-06 Zhong-Bo Kang , Kajal Samanta , Ding Yu Shao , Yang-Li Zeng

We derive relations between polarized transverse momentum dependent distribution functions (TMDs) and the usual parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the 3D covariant parton model, which follow from Lorentz invariance and the assumption…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-17 A. V. Efremov , P. Schweitzer , O. V. Teryaev , P. Zavada