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Reaction-diffusion systems represent one of the most fundamental formulations used to describe a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological processes. With the increasing adoption of neural networks, recent research has focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Haotian Feng

We study the expressive power of deep ReLU neural networks for approximating functions in dilated shift-invariant spaces, which are widely used in signal processing, image processing, communications and so on. Approximation error bounds are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yunfei Yang , Zhen Li , Yang Wang

In recent years residual neural networks (ResNets) as introduced by [He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., and Sun, J., Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (2016), 770-778] have become very popular in a large…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-11-02 Jonas Baggenstos , Diyora Salimova

We derive bounds on the error, in high-order Sobolev norms, incurred in the approximation of Sobolev-regular as well as analytic functions by neural networks with the hyperbolic tangent activation function. These bounds provide explicit…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Tim De Ryck , Samuel Lanthaler , Siddhartha Mishra

In this note, we study how neural networks with a single hidden layer and ReLU activation interpolate data drawn from a radially symmetric distribution with target labels 1 at the origin and 0 outside the unit ball, if no labels are known…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-05 Stephan Wojtowytsch

We study the universality of complex-valued neural networks with bounded widths and arbitrary depths. Under mild assumptions, we give a full description of those activation functions $\varrho:\mathbb{C}\to \mathbb{C}$ that have the property…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-27 Paul Geuchen , Thomas Jahn , Hannes Matt

We develop exact representations of training two-layer neural networks with rectified linear units (ReLUs) in terms of a single convex program with number of variables polynomial in the number of training samples and the number of hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Mert Pilanci , Tolga Ergen

Motivated by the growing theoretical understanding of neural networks that employ the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) as their activation function, we revisit the use of ReLU activation functions for learning implicit neural representations…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-05 Joseph Shenouda , Yamin Zhou , Robert D. Nowak

Neural networks have shown high successful performance in a wide range of tasks, but further studies are needed to improve its performance. We analyze the approximation error of the specific neural network architecture with a local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Jae-Mo Kang , Sunghwan Moon

A fully tensorial theoretical framework for hypercomplex-valued neural networks is presented. The proposed approach enables neural network architectures to operate on data defined over arbitrary finite-dimensional algebras. The central…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Agnieszka Niemczynowicz , Radosław Antoni Kycia

This work focuses on the analysis of fully connected feed forward ReLU neural networks as they approximate a given, smooth function. In contrast to conventionally studied universal approximation properties under increasing architectures,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Erion Morina , Martin Holler

The universal approximation theorem is generalised to uniform convergence on the (noncompact) input space $\mathbb{R}^n$. All continuous functions that vanish at infinity can be uniformly approximated by neural networks with one hidden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Teun D. H. van Nuland

Invertible neural networks (INNs) are neural network architectures with invertibility by design. Thanks to their invertibility and the tractability of Jacobian, INNs have various machine learning applications such as probabilistic modeling,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Isao Ishikawa , Takeshi Teshima , Koichi Tojo , Kenta Oono , Masahiro Ikeda , Masashi Sugiyama

This article is concerned with the approximation and expressive powers of deep neural networks. This is an active research area currently producing many interesting papers. The results most commonly found in the literature prove that neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-08 I. Daubechies , R. DeVore , S. Foucart , B. Hanin , G. Petrova

We present the Input-Connected Multilayer Perceptron (IC-MLP), a feedforward neural network architecture in which each hidden neuron receives, in addition to the outputs of the preceding layer, a direct affine connection from the raw input.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Vugar Ismailov

We introduce a multiplicative neural network architecture in which multiplicative interactions constitute the fundamental representation, rather than appearing as auxiliary components within an additive model. We establish a universal…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Hee-Sun Choi , Beom-Seok Han

Fully connected deep neural networks are successfully applied to classification and function approximation problems. By minimizing the cost function, i.e., finding the proper weights and biases, models can be built for accurate predictions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Qingguang Guan

The realization function of a shallow ReLU network is a continuous and piecewise affine function $f:\mathbb R^d\to \mathbb R$, where the domain $\mathbb R^{d}$ is partitioned by a set of $n$ hyperplanes into cells on which $f$ is affine. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-13 S. Dereich , S. Kassing

Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) is an invertible neural network architecture promising for its free-form Jacobian and the availability of a tractable Jacobian determinant estimator. Recently, the representation power of NODEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Takeshi Teshima , Koichi Tojo , Masahiro Ikeda , Isao Ishikawa , Kenta Oono

By universal formulas we understand parameterized analytic expressions that have a fixed complexity, but nevertheless can approximate any continuous function on a compact set. There exist various examples of such formulas, including some in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Dmitry Yarotsky