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Related papers: Conflict-free Replicated Data Types: An Overview

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Digital collaboration systems support asynchronous work over replicated data, where conflicts arise when concurrent operations cannot be unambiguously integrated into a shared history. While Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Georgii Semenov , Vitaly Aksenov

Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) are distributed data structures designed for fault tolerance and high availability. CRDTs have historically been taxonomized into state-based CRDTs, in which replicas apply updates locally and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Nathan Liittschwager , Jonathan Castello , Stelios Tsampas , Lindsey Kuper

Conventional blockchains use consensus algorithms that totally order updates across all accounts, which is stronger than necessary to implement a replicated ledger. This makes updates slower and more expensive than necessary. More recent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Erick Lavoie

Virtual presence demands ultra-low latency, a factor that centralized architectures, by their nature, cannot minimize. Local peer-to-peer architectures offer a compelling alternative, but also pose unique challenges in terms of network…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Abel Dantas , Carlos Baquero

A CRDT is a data type whose operations commute when they are concurrent. Replicas of a CRDT eventually converge without any complex concurrency control. As an existence proof, we exhibit a non-trivial CRDT: a shared edit buffer called…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2009-07-07 Mihai Letia , Nuno Preguiça , Marc Shapiro

Collaborative working is increasingly popular, but it presents challenges due to the need for high responsiveness and disconnected work support. To address these challenges the data is optimistically replicated at the edges of the network,…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-12-12 Stéphane Martin , Mehdi Ahmed-Nacer , Pascal Urso

Internet-scale distributed systems often replicate data at multiple geographic locations to provide low latency and high availability. The Conflict-free Replicated Data Type (CRDT) is a framework that provides a principled approach to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Yuqi Zhang , Yu Huang , Hengfeng Wei , Xiaoxing Ma

Maintaining multiple replicas of data is crucial to achieving scalability, availability and low latency in distributed applications. Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) are important building blocks in this domain because they are…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Kartik Nagar , Suresh Jagannathan

Consensus protocols are fundamental in distributed systems as they enable software with strong consistency properties. However, designing optimized protocols for specific use-cases under certain system assumptions is typically a laborious…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Julian Haas , Ragnar Mogk , Annette Bieniusa , Mira Mezini

In this report we show how to manage a distributed hierarchical structure representing a file system. This structure is optimistically replicated, each user work on his local replica, and updates are sent to other replica. The different…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-07-26 Mehdi Ahmed-Nacer , Stéphane Martin , Pascal Urso

State-based Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) are widely used in distributed systems to ensure high availability without coordination. However, their naive synchronization strategy - transmitting the full state - incurs high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Pedro Silva Gomes , Miguel Boaventura Rodrigues , Carlos Baquero

We introduce Conflict-Aware Replicated Data Types (CARDs). CARDs are significantly more expressive than Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) as they support operations that can conflict with each other. Introducing conflicting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Nicholas V. Lewchenko , Arjun Radhakrishna , Akash Gaonkar , Pavol Černý

All 26 neural network merge strategies we tested including weight averaging, SLERP, TIES, DARE, Fisher merging, and evolutionary approaches -- fail the algebraic properties (commutativity, associativity, idempotency) required for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ryan Gillespie

Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types (CRDTs) for JSON allow users to concurrently update a JSON document and automatically merge the updates into a consistent state. Moving a subtree in a map or reordering elements in a list within a JSON…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Liangrun Da , Martin Kleppmann

***** This design is a duplicate of a Causal Length Set (see notes in the comments). We leave nonetheless the original paper here because the proofs are referred to in another submission.***** The 2P-Set Conflict-Free Replicated Data Type…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Erick Lavoie

Commutative Replicated Data-Type (CRDT) is a new class of algorithms that ensures scalable consistency of replicated data. It has been successfully applied to collaborative editing of texts without complex concurrency control. In this…

Databases · Computer Science 2010-10-19 Stéphane Martin , Pascal Urso , Stéphane Weiss

With the increased adaption of blockchain technologies, permissioned blockchains such as Hyperledger Fabric provide a robust ecosystem for developing production-grade decentralized applications. However, the additional latency between…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Pezhman Nasirifard , Ruben Mayer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs) are a natural structure with which to communicate information about a shared computation in a distributed setting where coordination overhead may not be tolerated, and individual participants are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Taylor Blau

Replicated data types (RDTs) are data structures that permit concurrent modification of multiple, potentially geo-distributed, replicas without coordination between them. RDTs are designed in such a way that conflicting operations are…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Vimala Soundarapandian , Adharsh Kamath , Kartik Nagar , KC Sivaramakrishnan

Distributed systems adopt weak consistency to ensure high availability and low latency, but state convergence is hard to guarantee due to conflicts. Experts carefully design replicated data types (RDTs) that resemble sequential data types…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Kevin De Porre , Carla Ferreira , Elisa Gonzalez Boix