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Strong gravitational lensing produces multiple images of a gravitational wave (GW) signal, which can be observed by detectors as time-separated copies of the same event. It has been shown that under favourable circumstances, by combining…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-08-04 Harsh Narola , Justin Janquart , Leïla Haegel , K. Haris , Otto A. Hannuksela , Chris Van Den Broeck

We develop an effective approach for the study of the interaction of gravitational waves (GWs) and electromagnetic waves (EMWs), showing that quadrirefringence can be produced, a phenomenon consisting in a frequency and polarization…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-10 Antonio Enea Romano , Sergio A. Vallejo-Peña

In the framework of general relativity (GR), gravitational waves (GWs) travel at the speed of light across all frequencies. However, massive gravity and weak equivalence principle (WEP) violation may lead to frequency-dependent variations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-07 Xian-Liang Wang , Shu-Cheng Yang , Wen-Biao Han

In general relativity, there is no dispersion in gravitational waves, while some modified gravity theories predict dispersion phenomena in the propagation of gravitational waves. In this paper, we demonstrate that this dispersion will…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-17 Shu-Cheng Yang , Wen-Biao Han , Shuo Xin , Chen Zhang

The energy spectrum of gravitational waves (GWs), which depicts the energy of GWs per unit volume of space per logarithmic frequency interval normalized to the critical density of the Universe, is a widely used way for quantifying the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-15 Rong-Gen Cai , Xing-Yu Yang , Long Zhao

We investigate the detectability of gravitational waves (GWs) lensed by a system that consists of binary black holes as lenses using time-domain numerical simulations. The gravitational lensing potential of this system is no longer static…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-05 Yi Qiu , Ke Wang , Jian-hua He

We have previously investigated the effect of the gravitational constant variation on the gravitational wave propagation. Pure theoretical analysis indicates that the leading order effect of the gravitational constant variation corrects the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-01 Jiachen An , Bing Sun , Zhoujian Cao

General relativity has predicted the existence of gravitational waves (GW), which are waves of the distortions of space-time with two degrees of polarization and the propagation speed of light. Alternative theories predict more…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 K. J. Lee

If $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) are accompanied by gravitational wave bursts (GWBs) the correlated output of two gravitational wave detectors evaluated in the moments just prior to a GRB will differ from that evaluated at times not associated…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-06 Lee Samuel Finn , Soumya D. Mohanty , Joseph D. Romano

The gravitational lensing of gravitational waves might cause beat patterns detectable by interferometers. The feature of this kind of signal is the existence of the beat pattern in the early inspiral phase, followed by a seemingly randomly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-10 Shaoqi Hou , Xi-Long Fan , Kai Liao , Zong-Hong Zhu

In a recent paper we have deduced the basic equations that predict the emission of gravitational waves (GW) according to the Einstein gravitation theory. In a subsequent paper these equations have been used to calculate the luminosities and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-15 M. Cattani

The recent detection of gravitational waves has generated interest in alternatives to the black hole interpretation of sources. One set of such alternatives involves a prediction of gravitational wave "echoes". We consider two aspects of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-22 Richard Price , Gaurav Khanna

We discuss the detectability of gravitational waves with a time dependent mass contribution, by means of the stochastic gravitational wave observations. Such a mass term typically arises in the cosmological solutions of massive gravity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-12-13 A. Emir Gumrukcuoglu , Sachiko Kuroyanagi , Chunshan Lin , Shinji Mukohyama , Norihiro Tanahashi

In a consistent description of the quantum measurement process, whether the wave or particle-like aspect of a system is revealed depends on the details of the measurement chain, and cannot be interpreted as an objective fact about the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Hudson A. Loughlin , Germain Tobar , Evan D. Hall , Vivishek Sudhir

Gravitational lensing of electromagnetic (EM) waves has yielded many profound discoveries across fundamental physics, astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology. Similar to EM waves, gravitational waves (GWs) can also be lensed. When their…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-28 Zhao-Feng Wu , Otto A. Hannuksela , Martin Hendry , Quynh Lan Nguyen

The response of a detector to gravitational wave is a function of frequency. When the time a photon moving around in the Fabry-Perot cavities is the same order of the period of a gravitational wave, the phase-difference due to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-01 Zhe Chang , Chao-Guang Huang , Zhi-Chao Zhao

Like light, gravitational waves are gravitationally lensed by intervening massive astrophysical objects, such as galaxies, clusters, black holes, and stars, resulting in a variety of potentially observable gravitational-wave lensing…

The direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs) is an invaluable new tool to probe gravity and the nature of cosmic acceleration. A large class of scalar-tensor theories predict that GWs propagate with velocity different than the speed of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-19 Dario Bettoni , Jose María Ezquiaga , Kurt Hinterbichler , Miguel Zumalacárregui

Gravitational field can cause a rotation of polarisation plane of light. This phenomenon is known as the gravitational Faraday effect. We study the gravitational Faraday effect of linearly polarised light propagating in the gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-20 Andrey A. Shoom

The nature of gravity can be tested by how gravitational waves (GWs) are emitted, detected, and propagate through the universe. Propagation tests are powerful, as small deviations compound over cosmological distances. However, GW…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-03 Nicola Menadeo , Miguel Zumalacárregui