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A non-Hermitian operator $H$ defined in a Hilbert space with inner product $\langle\cdot|\cdot\rangle$ may serve as the Hamiltonian for a unitary quantum system, if it is $\eta$-pseudo-Hermitian for a metric operator (positive-definite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Ali Mostafazadeh

We study probe corrections to the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) in the context of 2D CFTs with large central charge and a sparse spectrum of low dimension operators. In particular, we focus on observables in the form of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-08-01 Thomas Faulkner , Huajia Wang

We propose a general method to embed target states into the middle of the energy spectrum of a many-body Hamiltonian as its energy eigenstates. Employing this method, we construct a translationally-invariant local Hamiltonian with no local…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-07-25 Naoto Shiraishi , Takashi Mori

We study the emergence of statistical mechanics in isolated classical systems with local interactions and discrete phase spaces. We establish that thermalization in such systems does not require global ergodicity; instead, it arises from…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-04 Pavel Orlov , Enej Ilievski

We study the matrix elements of local and nonlocal operators in the single-particle eigenstates of two paradigmatic quantum-chaotic quadratic Hamiltonians; the quadratic Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK2) model and the three-dimensional Anderson…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-12-15 Patrycja Łydżba , Yicheng Zhang , Marcos Rigol , Lev Vidmar

Understanding the asymptotic behavior of physical quantities in the thermodynamic limit is a fundamental problem in statistical mechanics. In this paper, we study how fast the eigenstate expectation values of a local operator converge to a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Yichen Huang

Eigenstate thermalization refers to the property that an energy eigenstate of a many-body system is indistinguishable from a thermal equilibrium ensemble at the same energy as far as expectation values of local observables are concerned. In…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-25 Lennart Dabelow , Christian Eidecker-Dunkel , Peter Reimann

This work aims at understanding the interplay between the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH), initial state independent equilibration and quantum chaos in systems that do not have a direct classical counterpart. It is based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Abdellah Khodja , Daniel Schmidtke , Jochen Gemmer

Studies of Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) in two-dimensional CFTs call for calculation of the expectation values of local operators in highly excited energy eigenstates. This can be done efficiently by representing zero modes of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-27 Anatoly Dymarsky , Kirill Pavlenko , Dmitry Solovyev

Analytical treatments of far-from-equilibrium quantum dynamics are few, even in well-thermalizing systems. The celebrated eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) provides a post hoc ansatz for the matrix elements of observables in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-06 Dominik Hahn , David M. Long , Marin Bukov , Anushya Chandran

We prove that any deterministic matrix is approximately the identity in the eigenbasis of a large random Wigner matrix with very high probability and with an optimal error inversely proportional to the square root of the dimension. Our…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-17 Giorgio Cipolloni , László Erdős , Dominik Schröder

We investigate steady states of macroscopic quantum systems under dissipation not obeying the detailed balance condition. We argue that the Gibbs state at an effective temperature gives a good description of the steady state provided that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-17 Tatsuhiko Shirai , Takashi Mori

We derive an upper bound on the difference between the long-time average and the microcanonical ensemble average of observables in isolated quantum systems. We propose, numerically verify, and analytically support a new hypothesis,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-24 Tatsuhiko N. Ikeda , Yu Watanabe , Masahito Ueda

We study in detail the properties of the quantum East model, an interacting quantum spin chain inspired by simple kinetically-constrained models of classical glasses. Through a combination of analytics, exact diagonalization and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-09 Nicola Pancotti , Giacomo Giudice , J. Ignacio Cirac , Juan P. Garrahan , Mari Carmen Bañuls

The phenomenon of quantum many-body scars (QMBS) has been studied both theoretically and experimentally, due to its unusual violation of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). In this paper, we extend the ETH to a new description…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Jia-wei Wang , Xiang-Fa Zhou , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Wei Zhou

An isolated quantum system is said to thermalize if ${\rm Tr} (A \rho(t)) \to {\rm Tr} (A \rho_{\rm eq})$ for time $t \to \infty$. Here $\rho(t)$ is the time-dependent density matrix of the system, $\rho_{\rm eq}$ is the time-independent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-22 Hans A. Weidenmüller

Integrable systems do not obey the strong eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH), which has been proposed as a mechanism of thermalization in isolated quantum systems. It has been suggested that an integrable system reaches a steady…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-29 Takashi Ishii , Takashi Mori

An isolated quantum many-body system in an initial pure state will come to thermal equilibrium if it satisfies the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We consider alternatives to ETH that have been proposed. We first show that von…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-03-15 Marcos Rigol , Mark Srednicki

We review the physics of many-body localization in models with incommensurate potentials. In particular, we consider one-dimensional quasiperiodic models with single-particle mobility edges. Although a conventional perspective suggests that…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-08-02 Dong-Ling Deng , Sriram Ganeshan , Xiaopeng Li , Ranjan Modak , Subroto Mukerjee , J. H. Pixley

Eigenstate thermalization in quantum many-body systems implies that eigenstates at high energy are similar to random vectors. Identifying systems where at least some eigenstates are non-thermal is an outstanding question. In this work we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-21 Volker Karle , Maksym Serbyn , Alexios A. Michailidis