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We consider random vectors $X$ that satisfy the equation in law $X=AX+B$, where $A$ is a given random diagonal matrix and $B$ a given random vector, both independent of $X$. It is well known by the works of Kesten and Goldie that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Ewa Damek , Sebastian Mentemeier

We study bivariate stochastic recurrence equations with triangular matrix coefficients and we characterize the tail behavior of their stationary solutions ${\bf W} =(W_1,W_2)$. Recently it has been observed that $W_1,W_2$ may exhibit…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-04 Ewa Damek , Muneya Matsui

We study the stochastic recursion $X_n=\Psi_n(X_{n-1})$, where $(\Psi_n)_{n\geq 1}$ is a sequence of i.i.d. random Lipschitz mappings close to the random affine transformation $x\mapsto Ax+B$. We describe the tail behaviour of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-16 Ewa Damek , Bartosz Kołodziejek

We study solutions to the stochastic fixed point equation $X\stackrel{d}{=}AX+B$ when the coefficients are nonnegative and $B$ is an "inverse exponential decay" (IED) random variable. We provide theorems on the left tail of $X$ which…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Krzysztof Burdzy , Bartosz Kołodziejek , Tvrtko Tadić

We consider the $\top$-Stein equation $X = AX^\top B + C$, where the operator $(\cdot)^\top$ denotes the transpose ($\top$) of a matrix. In the first part of this paper, we analyze necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-10-23 Matthew M. Lin , Chun-Yueh Chiang

We study the affine recursion $X_n = A_nX_{n-1}+B_n$ where $(A_n,B_n)\in {\mathbb R}^+ \times {\mathbb R} $ is an i.i.d. sequence and recursions $X_n = \Phi_n(X_{n-1})$ defined by Lipschitz transformations such that $\Phi (x)\geq Ax+B$. It…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-04-26 Dariusz Buraczewski , Ewa Damek

Consider the perpetuity equation $X \stackrel{\mathcal{D}}{=} A X + B$, where $(A,B)$ and $X$ on the right-hand side are independent. The Kesten--Grincevi\v{c}ius--Goldie theorem states that $P \{ X > x \} \sim c x^{-\kappa}$ if $E A^\kappa…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-07-25 Peter Kevei

We consider solutions of the stochastic equation $X \stackrel{d}= \sum_{i=1}^N A_iX_i + B$, where $N$ is a random natural number, $B$ and $A_i$ are random positive numbers and $X_i$ are independent copies of $X$, which are independent also…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-10-30 Dariusz Buraczewski , Konrad Kolesko

This paper studies the solvability, existence of unique solution, closed-form solution and numerical solution of matrix equation $X=Af(X) B+C$ with $f(X) =X^{\mathrm{T}},$ $f(X) =\bar{X}$ and $f(X) =X^{\mathrm{H}},$ where $X$ is the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-11-05 Bin Zhou , James Lam , Guang-Ren Duan

This note is concerned with the linear matrix equation $X = AX^\top B + C$, where the operator $(\cdot)^\top$ denotes the transpose ($\top$) of a matrix. The first part of this paper set forth the necessary and sufficient conditions for the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2014-02-10 Chun-Yueh Chiang

We consider solutions to so-called stochastic fixed point equation $R \stackrel{d}{=} \Psi(R)$, where $\Psi $ is a random Lipschitz function and $R$ is a random variable independent of $\Psi$. Under the assumption that $\Psi$ can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-14 Ewa Damek , Piotr Dyszewski

We consider solutions of the stochastic equation $R=_d\sum_{i=1}^NA_iR_i+B$, where $N>1$ is a fixed constant, $A_i$ are independent, identically distributed random variables and $R_i$ are independent copies of $R$, which are independent…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-04-14 D. Buraczewski , E. Damek , J. Zienkiewicz

Multivariate stochastic recurrence equations (SREs) are investigated when coefficients are triangular matrices. If coefficient matrices of SREs have all strictly positive elements, the Kesten's classical result yields solutions with…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-01 Muneya Matsui , Witold Świątkowski

We give a representation of the solution for a stochastic linear equation of the form $X_t=Y_t+\int_{(0,t]}X_{s-} \mathrm {d}{Z}_s$ where $Z$ is a c\'adl\'ag semimartingale and $Y$ is a c\'adl\'ag adapted process with bounded variation on…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-09 Offer Kella , Marc Yor

In this paper we consider a stochastic model of perpetuity-type. In contrast to the classical affine perpetuity model of Kesten [12] and Goldie [8] all discount factors in the model are mutually independent. We prove that the tails of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-22 Thomas Mikosch , Mohsen Rezapour , Olivier Wintenberger

We extend Goldie's implicit renewal theorem to the arithmetic case, which allows us to determine the tail behavior of the solution of various random fixed point equations. It turns out that the arithmetic and nonarithmetic cases are very…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-09-26 Peter Kevei

This work investigates the tail behavior of solutions to the affine stochastic fixed-point equation of the form $X\stackrel{d}{=}AX+B$, where $X$ and $(A,B)$ are independent. Focusing on the light-tail regime, following [Burdzy et al.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Julia Le Bihan , Bartosz Kołodziejek

Many applications in applied mathematics and control theory give rise to the unique solution of a Sylvester-like matrix equation associated with an underlying structured matrix operator $f$. In this paper, we will discuss the solvability of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-02-17 Chun-Yueh Chiang

Finding the stochastic equilibria for finite-state stochastic matrices amounts to solving an eigen\-vector problem $\pi = \pi P$. Various techniques for doing so are known, some extremely computationally intensive. Herein we shall aim to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Matt Visser

In this paper we prove large deviations results for partial sums constructed from the solution to a stochastic recurrence equation. We assume Kesten's condition [Acta Math. 131 (1973) 207-248] under which the solution of the stochastic…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-26 D. Buraczewski , E. Damek , T. Mikosch , J. Zienkiewicz
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