Related papers: The CMS Data Acquisition System for the Phase-2 Up…
The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider employs a two-level trigger system to record data at an average rate of 1 kHz from physics collisions, starting from an initial bunch crossing rate of 40 MHz. During the LHC Run 2…
The CMS inner pixel detector system is planned to be replaced during the first phase of the LHC luminosity upgrade. The plans foresee an ultra low mass system with four barrel layers and three disks on either end. With the expected increase…
In the future ALICE heavy ion experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider input data rates of up to 25 GB/s have to be handled by the High Level Trigger (HLT) system, which has to scale them down to at most 1.25 GB/s before being written to…
The trigger selection capabilities of the ATLAS detector have been significantly enhanced for the LHC Run- 2 in order to cope with the higher event rates and with the large number of simultaneous interactions (pile-up) per protonproton…
The CERN LHC provided proton and heavy ion collisions during its Run 2 operation period from 2015 to 2018. Proton-proton collisions reached a peak instantaneous luminosity of 2.1 $\times$ 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, twice the initial…
The Large Hadron Collider has entered a new era in Run 2, with centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and instantaneous luminosity reaching $\mathcal{L}_\textrm{inst} = 1.4\times$10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ for pp collisions. In order to cope…
The CMS muon system includes in both the barrel and endcap region Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC). They mainly serve as trigger detectors and also improve the reconstruction of muon parameters. Over the years, the instantaneous luminosity of…
The CMS detector is one of the two general purpose experiments that will study the collisions produced by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The LHC is supposed to start its operation in 2007 at an instantaneous luminosity of 2 x 10^33 cm-2…
Hybrid silicon pixel detectors are currently used in the innermost tracking system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. Radiation tolerance up to fluences expected for a few years of running of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has…
The muon trigger system of the CMS experiment uses a combination of hardware and software to identify events containing a muon. During Run 2 (covering 2015-2018) the LHC achieved instantaneous luminosities as high as 2 $\times$…
After years of development, the CMS distributed computing system is now in full operation. The LHC continues to set records for instantaneous luminosity, and CMS continues to record data at 300 Hz. Because of the intensity of the beams,…
The era of High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will pose unprecedented challenges for detector design and operation. The planned luminosity of the upgraded machine is 5-7.5 x 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, reaching an integrated luminosity…
The trigger systems of the LHC detectors play a crucial role in determining the physics capabilities of the experiments. A reduction of several orders of magnitude of the event rate is needed to reach values compatible with the detector…
The high-luminosity upgrade of the CERN LHC requires the replacement of the CMS tracking detector to cope with the increased radiation fluence while maintaining its excellent performance. An extensive R\&D program, aiming at using 3D pixel…
The CMS muon system operates gas-based detectors. Upgrades of the detectors and trigger components are needed to cope with increasingly challenging conditions of the HL-LHC. New irradiation tests are performed to ensure that the muon…
A new tracking detector will be installed as part of the Phase-2 upgrade of the CMS detector for the high-luminosity LHC era. This tracking detector includes the Inner Tracker, equipped with silicon pixel sensor modules, and the Outer…
A second major LHCb detector upgrade will be installed during long shutdown 4 (LS4) of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The new detector will provide excellent performance for studies of Quantum Chromodynamics at high temperature and…
The CMS muon system has played a key role for many physics results obtained from the LHC Run-1 data. During the Long Shutdown (2013-2014) significant upgrades have been carried out on the muon detectors and on the L1 muon trigger. In…
The Data Quality Monitoring (DQM) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) silicon tracking detectors (Tracker) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is a software based system designed to monitor the detector and reconstruction performance,…
During the upcoming High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the integrated luminosity of the accelerator will increase to 3000 fb$^{-1}$. The expected experimental conditions in that period in terms of background rates,…