Related papers: Gauge Invariance beyond the Electric Dipole Approx…
Gauge fields are special in the sense that they are invariant under gauge transformations and \emph{``ipso facto''} they lead to problems when we try quantizing them straightforwardly. To circumvent this problem we need to specify a gauge…
The problem of maintaining scale and conformal invariance in Maxwell and general N-form gauge theories away from their critical dimension d=2(N+1) is analyzed.We first exhibit the underlying group-theoretical clash between…
A statistical mechanism is proposed for symmetrization of an extra space. The conditions and rate of attainment of a symmetric configuration and, as a consequence, the appearance of gauge invariance in low-energy physics is discussed. It is…
A general method is presented to build all gauge-invariant terms in gauge field theories, including quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics. It is applied to two experiments, light-by-light scattering and deep inelastic…
An interplay between electromagnetic and gravitational interactions is studied with particular emphasis on the particles mass dependence of amplitudes. The cancellations between diagrams due to the gauge invarinace are explicitly…
The loss of gauge invariance in models of light-matter interaction which arises from material and photonic space truncation can pose significant challenges to conventional quantum optical models when matter and light strongly hybridize. In…
Gauge fields are special in the sense that they are invariant under gauge transformations and \QTR{em}{``ipso facto''} they lead to problems when we try quantizing them straightforwardly. To circumvent this problem we need to specify a…
Theoretical descriptions of observable quantities in cosmological perturbation theory should be independent of coordinate systems. This statement is often referred to as gauge-invariance of observable quantities, and the sanity of their…
We examine the feasibility of gauge invariant descriptions of the gluon polarization following the proposal that a gauge field can be decomposed into its physical part and its pure gauge part. We show that gauge invariant angular momentum…
A program searching for symmetry structures behind some features of the standard Model is launched. After addressing known no-go theorems, we construct a novel symmetry mixing gauge and Higgs fields which is a Lorentz symmetry extension…
Nottale's special scale-relativity principle was proposed earlier by the author as a plausible geometrical origin to string theory and extended objects. Scale Relativity is to scales what motion Relativity is to velocities. The universal,…
We study the gauge theories on noncommutative space. We employ the idea of the covariant position to understand the linear and angular momenta, the center of mass position, and to express all gauge invariant observables including the Wilson…
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the gauge symmetry of classical field theories in integral formalism. A gauge invariant theory is defined in terms of the invariance of the physical observables under the coordinate…
We show that the Lagrangian for interacting nonrelativistic particles can be coupled to an external gauge field and metric tensor in a way that exhibits a nonrelativistic version of general coordinate invariance. We explore the consequences…
The process $e^+e^-\rightarrow \bar \nu_e e^-W^+ \rightarrow\bar\nu_e e^-u\bar d$ is considered as an example of the problems associated with maintaining gauge invariance in matrix elements involving unstable particles. It is shown how to…
For D=4 theories of a single U(1) gauge field strength coupled to gravity and matters, we show that the electric-magnetic duality can be formulated as an invariance of the actions. The symmetry is associated with duality rotation acting…
Gauge symmetries lead to first-class constraints. This assertion is of course true only for non trivial gauge symmetries, i.e., gauge symmetries that act non trivially on-shell on the dynamical variables. We illustrate this well-appreciated…
Gauge-invariant field strengths, defined as parallel transports to infinity of ordinary field strengths, naturally emerge in a few physical phenomena governed by $QCD$. One of them is confinement of colour. Despite the arbitrariness in…
Electric-magnetic dualities are equivalence between strong and weak coupling constants. A standard example is the exchange of electric and magnetic fields in an abelian gauge theory. We show three methods to perform electric-magnetic…
Lorentz and diffeomorphism violations are studied in linearized gravity using effective field theory. A classification of all gauge-invariant and gauge-violating terms is given. The exact covariant dispersion relation for gravitational…