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A concern can be characterized as a developer's intent behind a piece of code, often not explicitly captured in it. We discuss a technique of recording concerns using source code annotations (concern annotations). Using two studies and two…

Stack Overflow has become an essential technical resource for developers. However, given the vast amount of knowledge available on Stack Overflow, finding the right information that is relevant for a given task is still challenging,…

Stack Overflow (SO) has been a great source of natural language questions and their code solutions (i.e., question-code pairs), which are critical for many tasks including code retrieval and annotation. In most existing research,…

In software development and maintenance, code comments can help developers understand source code, and improve communication among developers. However, developers sometimes neglect to update the corresponding comment when changing the code,…

Code cloning is not only assumed to inflate maintenance costs but also considered defect-prone as inconsistent changes to code duplicates can lead to unexpected behavior. Consequently, the identification of duplicated code, clone detection,…

Software engineering is knowledge-intensive and requires software developers to continually search for knowledge, often on community question answering platforms such as Stack Overflow. Such information sharing platforms do not exist in…

There has a been a significant rise in the use of Community Question Answering sites (CQAs) over the last decade owing primarily to their ability to leverage the wisdom of the crowd. Duplicate questions have a crippling effect on the…

Third-party package usage has become a common practice in contemporary software development. Developers often face different challenges, including choosing the right libraries, installing errors, discrepancies, setting up the environment,…

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in multimodal reasoning tasks. However, their widespread accessibility raises critical concerns about potential copyright infringement. Will LVLMs accurately…

Software libraries play a critical role in the functionality, efficiency, and maintainability of software systems. As developers increasingly rely on Large Language Models (LLMs) to streamline their coding processes, the effectiveness of…

Developers reuse programming-related knowledge on Q&A sites that functionally matches the programming problems they encounter in their development. Despite extensive research on Q&A sites, being a high-level and important type of…

Software documentation guides the proper use of tools or services. With the rapid growth of machine learning libraries, individuals from various fields are incorporating machine learning into their workflows through programming. However,…

Recently, automatic code comment generation is proposed to facilitate program comprehension. Existing code comment generation techniques focus on describing the functionality of the source code. However, there are other aspects such as…

Improved software discovery is a prerequisite for greater software reuse: after all, if someone cannot find software for a particular task, they cannot reuse it. Understanding people's approaches and preferences when they look for software…

Developers often resort to online Q&A forums such as Stack Overflow (SO) for filling their programming needs. Although code examples on those forums are good starting points, they are often incomplete and inadequate for developers' local…

With the wave of high-profile supply chain attacks targeting development and client organizations, supply chain security has recently become a focal point. As a result, there is an elevated discussion on securing the development environment…

One of the issues faced by the maintainers of popular open source software is the triage of newly reported issues. Many of the issues submitted to issue trackers are questions. Many people ask questions on issue trackers about their problem…

There are often multiple ways to implement the same requirement in source code. Different implementation choices can result in code snippets that are similar, and have been defined in multiple ways: code clones, examples, simions and…

React is a popular JavaScript framework in modern web application development. Due to its high performance and efficiency, many developers use this framework. Although React library offers many advantages, it is not without its challenges.…

Online knowledge platforms such as Stack Overflow and Wikipedia rely on a large and diverse contributor community. Despite efforts to facilitate onboarding of new users, relatively few users become core contributors, suggesting the…