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High-quality human annotations are necessary to create effective machine learning systems for social media. Low-quality human annotations indirectly contribute to the creation of inaccurate or biased learning systems. We show that human…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Rahul Pandey , Carlos Castillo , Hemant Purohit

Current state-of-the-art (SOTA) 3D object detection methods often require a large amount of 3D bounding box annotations for training. However, collecting such large-scale densely-supervised datasets is notoriously costly. To reduce the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Chenqiang Gao , Chuandong Liu , Jun Shu , Fangcen Liu , Jiang Liu , Luyu Yang , Xinbo Gao , Deyu Meng

Deep-learning pipelines for microscopy image classification often require expensive, labor- and time-intensive expert annotation to produce high-quality ground truth for training. Recent work has shown that prompt tuning of vision-language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Abhiram Kandiyana , Ankur Mali , Lawrence O. Hall , Peter R. Mouton , Dmitry Goldgof

Machine learning models have shown increased accuracy in classification tasks when the training process incorporates human perceptual information. However, a challenge in training human-guided models is the cost associated with collecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Colton R. Crum , Aidan Boyd , Kevin Bowyer , Adam Czajka

Human annotation is always considered as ground truth in video object tracking tasks. It is used in both training and evaluation purposes. Thus, ensuring its high quality is an important task for the success of trackers and evaluations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Yu Pang , Xinyi Li , Lin Yuan , Haibin Ling

Efficient and accurate annotation of datasets remains a significant challenge for deploying object detection models such as You Only Look Once (YOLO) in real-world applications, particularly in agriculture where rapid decision-making is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mohamed Abdallah Salem , Ahmed Harb Rabia

We describe a formal model for annotating linguistic artifacts, from which we derive an application programming interface (API) to a suite of tools for manipulating these annotations. The abstract logical model provides for a range of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Steven Bird , David Day , John Garofolo , John Henderson , Christophe Laprun , Mark Liberman

It is laborious to manually label point cloud data for training high-quality 3D object detectors. This work proposes a weakly supervised approach for 3D object detection, only requiring a small set of weakly annotated scenes, associated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Qinghao Meng , Wenguan Wang , Tianfei Zhou , Jianbing Shen , Luc Van Gool , Dengxin Dai

In this paper, we focus on obtaining 2D and 3D labels, as well as track IDs for objects on the road with the help of a novel 3D Bounding Box Annotation Toolbox (3D BAT). Our open source, web-based 3D BAT incorporates several smart features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-03 Walter Zimmer , Akshay Rangesh , Mohan Trivedi

Active Learning (AL) aims to reduce annotation costs by strategically selecting the most informative samples for labeling. However, most active learning methods struggle in the low-budget regime where only a few labeled examples are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Netta Shafir , Guy Hacohen , Daphna Weinshall

LiDAR representation learning has emerged as a promising approach to reducing reliance on costly and labor-intensive human annotations. While existing methods primarily focus on spatial alignment between LiDAR and camera sensors, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xiang Xu , Lingdong Kong , Hui Shuai , Wenwei Zhang , Liang Pan , Kai Chen , Ziwei Liu , Qingshan Liu

With the surging inclination towards carrying out tasks on computational devices and digital mediums, any method that converts a task that was previously carried out manually, to a digitized version, is always welcome. Irrespective of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Pranav Guruprasad , Sujith Kumar S , Vigneswaran C , V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy

Labeling images for visual segmentation is a time-consuming task which can be costly, particularly in application domains where labels have to be provided by specialized expert annotators, such as civil engineering. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Klara Janouskova , Mattia Rigotti , Ioana Giurgiu , Cristiano Malossi

Inferring detailed 3D geometry of the scene is crucial for robotics applications, simulation, and 3D content creation. However, such information is hard to obtain, and thus very few datasets support it. In this paper, we propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Tianchang Shen , Jun Gao , Amlan Kar , Sanja Fidler

Existing camouflaged object detection (COD) methods rely heavily on large-scale datasets with pixel-wise annotations. However, due to the ambiguous boundary, annotating camouflage objects pixel-wisely is very time-consuming and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Ruozhen He , Qihua Dong , Jiaying Lin , Rynson W. H. Lau

Document images often have intricate layout structures, with numerous content regions (e.g. texts, figures, tables) densely arranged on each page. This makes the manual annotation of layout datasets expensive and inefficient. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Zejiang Shen , Jian Zhao , Melissa Dell , Yaoliang Yu , Weining Li

Data lies at the core of modern deep learning. The impressive performance of supervised learning is built upon a base of massive accurately labeled data. However, in some real-world applications, accurate labeling might not be viable;…

Current supervised deep learning frameworks rely on annotated data for modeling the underlying data distribution of a given task. In particular for computer vision algorithms powered by deep learning, the quality of annotated data is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Joseph Nassar , Viveca Pavon-Harr , Marc Bosch , Ian McCulloh

This paper presents a case study on deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) as an advanced "annotation" mechanism to achieve nuanced content understanding (e.g., discerning content "vibe") at scale within a large-scale industrial short-form…

In order to perform multimodal fusion of heterogeneous signals, we need to understand their interactions: how each modality individually provides information useful for a task and how this information changes in the presence of other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Paul Pu Liang , Yun Cheng , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Louis-Philippe Morency