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Fully-partitioned fixed-priority scheduling (FP-FPS) multiprocessor systems are widely found in real-time applications, where spin-based protocols are often deployed to manage the mutually exclusive access of shared resources.…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Shuai Zhao , Hanzhi Xu , Nan Chen , Ruoxian Su , Wanli Chang

Side-channel attacks on memory (SCAM) exploit unintended data leaks from memory subsystems to infer sensitive information, posing significant threats to system security. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in memory access patterns, cache…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-09 MD Mahady Hassan , Shanto Roy , Reza Rahaeimehr

Large Language Models (LLMs) rely on optimizations like Automatic Prefix Caching (APC) to accelerate inference. APC works by reusing previously computed states for the beginning part of a request (prefix), when another request starts with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Panagiotis Georgios Pennas , Konstantinos Papaioannou , Marco Guarnieri , Thaleia Dimitra Doudali

The Least-Recently Used cache replacement policy and its variants are widely deployed in modern processors. This paper shows for the first time in detail that the LRU states of caches can be used to leak information: any access to a cache…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Wenjie Xiong , Jakub Szefer

LLMs have seen rapid adoption in all domains. They need to be trained on high-end high-performance computing (HPC) infrastructures and ingest massive amounts of input data. Unsurprisingly, at such a large scale, unexpected events (e.g.,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Avinash Maurya , Robert Underwood , M. Mustafa Rafique , Franck Cappello , Bogdan Nicolae

Processor designs rely on iterative modifications and reuse well-established designs. However, this reuse of prior designs also leads to similar vulnerabilities across multiple processors. As processors grow increasingly complex with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Chen Chen , Zaiyan Xu , Mohamadreza Rostami , David Liu , Dileep Kalathil , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

Different from the traditional software vulnerability, the microarchitecture side channel has three characteristics: extensive influence, potent threat, and tough defense. The main reason for the micro-architecture side channel is resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Yue Zhang , Ziyuan Zhu , Dan Meng

We introduce a user mode file system, CannyFS, that hides latency by assuming all I/O operations will succeed. The user mode process will in turn report errors, allowing proper cleanup and a repeated attempt to take place. We demonstrate…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2016-12-21 Jessica Nettelblad , Carl Nettelblad

Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) have transcended their traditional use-case of rendering graphics and nowadays also serve as a powerful platform for accelerating ubiquitous, non-graphical rendering tasks. One prominent task is inference of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Frederik Dermot Pustelnik , Xhani Marvin Saß , Jean-Pierre Seifert

The current hardware landscape and application scale is driving performance engineers towards writing bespoke optimizations. Verifying such optimizations, and generating minimal failing cases, is important for robustness in the face of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Philipp Schaad , Timo Schneider , Tal Ben-Nun , Alexandru Calotoiu , Alexandros Nikolaos Ziogas , Torsten Hoefler

Supporting the programming of stateful packet forwarding functions in hardware has recently attracted the interest of the research community. When designing such switching chips, the challenge is to guarantee the ability to program…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Carmelo Cascone , Roberto Bifulco , Salvatore Pontarelli , Antonio Capone

In early 2018, Meltdown first showed how to read arbitrary kernel memory from user space by exploiting side-effects from transient instructions. While this attack has been mitigated through stronger isolation boundaries between user and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Michael Schwarz , Moritz Lipp , Daniel Moghimi , Jo Van Bulck , Julian Stecklina , Thomas Prescher , Daniel Gruss

Caches have been used to construct various types of covert and side channels to leak information. Most existing cache channels exploit the timing difference between cache hits and cache misses. However, we introduce a new and broader…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Yujie Cui , Chun Yang , Xu Cheng

The context window of a large language model is not memory. It is L1 cache: a small, fast, expensive resource that the field treats as the entire memory system. There is no L2, no virtual memory, no paging. Every tool definition, every…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tony Mason

The code generation modules inside modern compilers such as GCC and LLVM, which use a limited number of CPU registers to store a large number of program variables, may introduce side-channel leaks even in software equipped with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Jingbo Wang , Chungha Sung , Chao Wang

Software testing is becoming a critical part of the development cycle of embedded devices, enabling vulnerability detection. A well-studied approach of software testing is fuzz-testing (fuzzing), during which mutated input is sent to an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Philip Sperl , Konstantin Böttinger

We introduce a new timing side-channel attack on Intel CPU processors. Our Frontal attack exploits timing differences that arise from how the CPU frontend fetches and processes instructions while being interrupted. In particular, we observe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Ivan Puddu , Moritz Schneider , Miro Haller , Srdjan Čapkun

Lockstep processing is a recognized technique for helping to secure functional-safety relevant processing against, for instance, single upset errors that might cause faulty execution of code. Lockstepping processors does however bind…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Hans Dermot Doran , Timo Lang

Meeting service-level objectives (SLOs) in Large Language Models (LLMs) serving is critical, but managing the high variability in load presents a significant challenge. Recent advancements in FP8 inference, backed by native hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Haeun Lee , Omin Kwon , Yeonhong Park , Jae W. Lee

GPUs are increasingly being used in security applications, especially for accelerating encryption/decryption. While GPUs are an attractive platform in terms of performance, the security of these devices raises a number of concerns. One…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Elmira Karimi , Yunsi Fei , David Kaeli