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A formalism for treating the pile-up produced in solid-state detectors by laser-driven pulsed x-ray sources has been developed. It allows the direct use of x-ray spectroscopy without artificially decreasing the number of counts in the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-01 Guillermo Hernández , Francisco Fernández

Single-shot high-resolution spectroscopy at the single-photon-level has emerged as a promising measurement technique, enabling novel observations and evaluations that were previously challenging. This technology is particularly effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Yuki Nagoro , Hidehito Sato , Hiroyuki Tezuka , Tomoyuki Horikiri

We present a method designed to efficiently extract optical signals from InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) operated in gated mode. In particular, our method permits an estimation of the fraction of counts which actually results from the…

This work presents stochastic approaches to model the counting behavior of actively quenched single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) subjected to continuous-wave constant illumination. We present both analytical expressions and simulation…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-08-27 Ivo Straka , Jan Grygar , Josef Hloušek , Miroslav Ježek

Single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) have enabled various applications in emerging photonic quantum information technologies in recent years. However, despite many efforts to improve SPAD's performance, the design of SPADs remained…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-02-27 Boyang Zhang , Zhe Li , Zhongju Wang , Yang Yu , Hark Hoe Tan , Chennupati Jagadish , Daoyi Dong , Lan Fu

Single-photon detector (SPD), an essential building block of the quantum communication system, plays a fundamental role in developing next-generation quantum technologies. In this work, we propose an efficient modeling workflow of nanowire…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Zhe Li , H. Hoe Tan , Chennupati Jagadish , Lan Fu

We investigate the feasibility and performance of photon-number-resolved photodetection employing single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) with low dark counts. While the main idea, to split $n$ photons into $m$ detection modes with no…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-05-28 Rajveer Nehra , Chun-Hung Chang , Qianhuan Yu , Andreas Beling , Olivier Pfister

Optical wireless communication (OWC) leveraging single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays offers exceptional sensitivity for photon-starving links. However, the inherent dead time of SPADs critically limits achievable data rates by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-28 Chen Wang , Zhiyong Xu , Jingyuan Wang , Jianhua Li , Weifeng Mou , Huatao Zhu

Recent interest in pile-up mitigation through fast timing at the HL-LHC has focused attention on technologies that now achieve minimum ionising particle (MIP) time resolution of 30 picoseconds or less. The constraints of technical maturity…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-10-18 M. Centis Vignali , M. Gallinaro , B. Harrop , C. Lu , M. McClish , M. Moll , M. Newcomer , S. Otero Ugobono , S. White

Single-photon detectors (SPDs) are the most sensitive instruments for light detection. In the near-infrared range, SPDs based on III-V compound semiconductor avalanche photodiodes have been extensively used during the past two decades for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jun Zhang , Mark A. Itzler , Hugo Zbinden , Jian-Wei Pan

Single-photon Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems are often equipped with an array of detectors for improved spatial resolution and sensing speed. However, given a fixed amount of flux produced by the laser transmitter across the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-03 Stanley H. Chan , Hashan K. Weerasooriya , Weijian Zhang , Pamela Abshire , Istvan Gyongy , Robert K. Henderson

Single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) based on silicon are widely considered for quantum satellite communications but suffer from an increasing dark count rate (DCR) due to displacement damage in their active areas induced by proton…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-12-31 Nigar Sultana , Joanna Krynski , Jin Gyu Lim , John Floyd , Michael Lembeck , Vadim Makarov , Paul Kwiat , Thomas Jennewein

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are the semiconducting analogue of photomultiplier tubes offering very high internal current gain and fast response. APDs are interesting for a wide range of applications in communications1, laser ranging2,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-11-13 Oriol Lopez-Sanchez , Dumitru Dumcenco , Edoardo Charbon , Andras Kis

Major advances in silicon pixel detectors, with outstanding timing performance, have recently attracted significant attention in the community. In this work we present and discuss the use of state-of-the-art Geiger-mode APDs, also known as…

Spatial correlations between two photons are the key resource in realising many quantum imaging schemes. Measurement of the bi-photon correlation map is typically performed using single-point scanning detectors or single-photon cameras…

Single-photon detectors are a pivotal component in photonic quantum technologies. A precise and comprehensive calibration of the intrinsic detection efficiency is of utmost importance to ensure the proper evaluation of the performance in…

In this paper we present a general method for estimating rates of accidental coincidence between a pair of single photon detectors operated within their saturation regimes. By folding the effects of recovery time of both detectors and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-15 James A. Grieve , Rakhitha Chandrasekara , Zhongkan Tang , Cliff Cheng , Alexander Ling

Single-photon detectors (SPDs) are ubiquitous in many protocols for quantum imaging, sensing, and communications. Many of these protocols critically depend on the precise knowledge of their detection efficiency. A method for the calibration…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Sujeet Pani , Duncan Earl , Francisco Elohim Becerra

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are a practical option for space-based quantum communications requiring single-photon detection. However, radiation damage to APDs significantly increases their dark count rates and reduces their useful…

Traditional paradigms for imaging rely on the use of a spatial structure, either in the detector (pixels arrays) or in the illumination (patterned light). Removal of the spatial structure in the detector or illumination, i.e., imaging with…